The Devonian is known for the earliest dispersal of extensive wildfires, but the spatiotemporal diversification pattern and process have not been studied in detail. We synthesize a total of 65 global wildfire occurrences based on fossil charcoals and geochemical (biomarker) evidence from 10 paleogeographic areas across 10 time bins (Lochkovian–late Famennian). Stratigraphically, the highest number of wildfire occurrences is found in the Late Devonian, especially the late Famennian. Paleogeographically, Devonian wildfire evidence is highly concentrated in the eastern Euramerican region that consists of the Appalachian Basin, Avalonia, and Baltica along the Acadian landmass. These data collectively define a unique diversification pattern, here coined as the ‘Famennian Wildfire Explosion’ (FWE). This possible global wildfire spread, based on our diversity analysis of the plant fossil record in eastern Euramerica, is tightly corresponding to the paleogeographic distribution of lignophytes, but not to other common groups of Late Devonian woody plants (e.g., lycopodiopsids, spermatophytes, pteridophytes-monilophytes). Those lignophyte trees and shrubs include 34 species of Aneurophytales, Archaeopteridales, and Spermatophytes in the eastern Euramerican area that represent the primary forest component as the major fuel source of the FWE. By comparing our wildfire and fossil plant diversity with available paleoclimate data (e.g., global atmospheric oxygen level, paleohumidity), we suggest that the FWE in eastern Euramerica is unique due to a combination of occurrences (i) in a relatively low paleolatitudinal zone and (ii) in arid and warm temperate climate zones, but it shows (iii) a relatively weak correlation with the rapidly increasing atmospheric oxygen level.

泥盆纪以广泛散布的野火最早散布而闻名，但尚未详细研究时空的多样化模式和过程。我们基于化石炭和地球化学（生物标志物）证据，从10个时区的10个古地理区域（Lochkovian-Famennian）合成了总共65次全球野火事件。地层学上，在泥盆纪晚期，特别是在法门尼晚期，发现了最多的野火。在古地理上，泥盆纪野火证据高度集中在沿阿卡迪亚大陆块由阿巴拉契亚盆地，阿瓦隆和波罗的海组成的欧亚东部地区。这些数据共同定义了一种独特的多样化模式，在这里被称为“ Famennian Wildfire Explosion”（FWE）。这种可能的全球野火蔓延，根据我们对欧洲东部美洲植物化石记录的多样性分析，该结果与木质植物的古地理分布紧密相关，但与泥盆纪晚期木本植物的其他常见群体（例如，番茄红藻，精子植物，蕨类植物-单生植物）紧密相关。那些木质植物和灌木包括在东美洲东部地区的34种无性藻，始祖鸟和精生植物，它们代表了作为FWE主要燃料来源的主要森林成分。通过将我们的野火和化石植物多样性与可用的古气候数据（例如全球大气中的氧气水平，古湿度）进行比较，我们认为东美洲的FWE是独特的，这是由于（i）在相对较低的古拉丁美洲地区发生的事件的组合。 ii）在干旱和温暖的温带气候区，