It is evident that climate change and unanticipated natural events pose new challenges for humanity and the environment. Already over half of the global population resides in cities, making the urban landscape a crucial focus area. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are an opportunity to address both environmental and societal challenges in both the immediate and long term, bearing particular importance in urban landscapes, as these pose more challenges and more opportunities for greater impact simultaneously. For the successful, widespread and sustainable implementation of NbS, wider inclusion of people and employment of deeper levels of participation are crucial. This review paper aimed to examine the relationship between participation and its various applications to NbS from global literature, and more specifically, assessing the levels of participation. We used Arnstein’s (Arnstein, 1969) ladder of participation to base our analysis against five essential criteria for participatory implementation. Our results demonstrate that ‘consultation’ and ‘partnership’ are the dominant levels of participation, while there is evidence supporting the adoption of deeper levels such as delegated power and citizen control. Our study argues that the role of landscape architects and urban planners should go beyond the role of experts towards facilitators and motivators, to enable wider and deeper participation of communities in defining their futures. The study contributes to the field by highlighting the potential and importance of participatory approaches, providing insights into a range of tools used to facilitate participation at various depths and offering practical and employable knowledge of application. We conclude by suggesting future pathways for empirical research.

显然，气候变化和意料之外的自然事件给人类和环境带来了新的挑战。全球已经有超过一半的人口居住在城市，这使城市景观成为至关重要的关注领域。基于自然的解决方案（NbS）提供了一个在短期和长期内应对环境和社会挑战的机会，在城市景观中尤为重要，因为这些带来了更多的挑战，同时也带来了更大的影响力。对于成功，广泛和可持续地实施NbS来说，更广泛的人民参与和更深层次的参与就业至关重要。这篇综述文章旨在研究全球文献中参与和对NbS的各种应用之间的关系，更具体地说，评估参与水平。我们使用了Arnstein（Arnstein，1969）的参与阶梯，将我们的分析基于参与实施的五个基本标准。我们的研究结果表明，“协商”和“伙伴关系”是参与的主要水平，而有证据支持采用更深层次的水平，例如授权和公民控制。我们的研究认为，景观设计师和城市规划师的角色应超越专家的角色，而应成为促进者和激励者，以使社区更广泛，更深入地参与其未来的定义。这项研究通过强调参与式方法的潜力和重要性为该领域做出了贡献，提供对用于促进各种深度参与的各种工具的见解，并提供实用的应用知识。最后，我们提出了进行实证研究的未来途径。