In this paper, the depolarization effect of the two-orthogonal polarized microwaves (MWs) by spheroid sand-dust particles in atmospheric turbulence is studied based on T-matrix theory. The results indicate that the depolarization effect by spheroidal particles can be weakened in turbulence, namely, as the turbulent intensity increases, the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the MWs increases. In the case of the strong turbulence with turbulent dissipation rate of 1000 cm²s⁻³, the XPD of MWs with frequency of 10 GHz propagating through sand/dust system can be strengthened by 28% when the visibility is 10 m, and by 10% when the visibility is 1 km. A function of the relationship between XPD and co-polarization attenuation (CPA) for the circularly polarized MWs propagating in the charged dust/sand particle system is also presented, which is not dependent on the turbulent intensity but on the charges carried by particles. XPD of 3 GHz MWs by the dust/sand particle system with particles carried surface charges of -60 µC/m² is 75% higher than the one by the corresponding neutral system given CPA of 0.5 dB, while 5 times higher than that by the corresponding neutral particles given CPA of 1 dB. However, XPD by dust/sand system compared to the one by rain given the same CPA, the former is much lower than the later.

本文基于T-矩阵理论研究了球状沙尘颗粒在大气湍流中对两个正交极化微波的去极化作用。结果表明，球形颗粒的去极化作用可以在湍流中减弱，即，随着湍流强度的增加，MW的交叉极化辨别力（XPD）增加。在强湍流中，湍流耗散率为1000 cm ² s ^-3，当可见度为10 m时，通过沙尘系统传播的10 GHz频率的MWs的XPD可以提高28％，而当可见度为1 km时，可以提高10％。还介绍了在带电粉尘/沙粒系统中传播的圆极化MW的XPD与同极化衰减（CPA）之间的关系，该函数不取决于湍流强度，而是取决于粒子携带的电荷。尘埃/沙尘颗粒系统产生的3 GHz MWs XPD，其颗粒表面电荷为-60 µC / m ²在给定的CPA为0.5 dB的情况下，比相应的中性系统的噪声高75％，而在给定的CPA为1 dB的情况下，对应中性粒子的噪声是5倍。但是，在相同的CPA情况下，采用尘土/沙土系统的XPD与采用雨水的XPD相比，前者要低得多。