Biofouling is a persistent problem for desalination and water treatment membranes because it critically degrades membrane performance. Here, we report desalination membranes with ultrahigh biofouling resistance fabricated using a synergistic anti-biofouling strategy that combines topological and chemical antifouling modifications. Specifically, both the surface topology and the chemistry of desalination membranes were tailored by creating a biomimetic Sharklet pattern and integrating hydrophilic tannic acid and biocidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The resultant membrane significantly enhanced biofouling resistance compared to the membranes modified by either the topological or chemical modifications alone due to the combinatorial antifouling effect. Importantly, the topological anti-biofouling effect was much more significant than the chemical effect under dynamic flow conditions due to the unique surface flows generated by the Sharklet geometry. Interestingly, the surface flow characteristics of the Sharklet pattern also effectively suppressed the leaching of the incorporated AgNPs and thus prolonged their anti-biofouling effect, highlighting the synergistic effect of the proposed combination strategy. This approach opens a new avenue for the fabrication of functional membranes, coatings and surfaces with superior antifouling and self-cleaning functions by elucidating the underlying antifouling mechanisms.

生物污垢对于脱盐和水处理膜是一个持续存在的问题，因为它严重降低了膜的性能。在这里，我们报告了使用结合了拓扑和化学防污修饰的协同防生物污垢策略制造的具有超高生物防污性的淡化膜。具体而言，通过创建仿生的Sharklet模式并将亲水性单宁酸和杀生物银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）整合在一起，来定制海水淡化膜的表面拓扑结构和化学性质。与由于组合的防污作用而仅通过拓扑或化学改性而改性的膜相比，所得的膜显着增强了抗生物污垢性。重要的，由于Sharklet几何形状产生独特的表面流，因此在动态流动条件下，拓扑结构的抗生物结垢作用比化学作用要重要得多。有趣的是，Sharklet模式的表面流动特性也有效地抑制了掺入的AgNPs的浸出，从而延长了其抗生物结垢的作用，突出了所提出的组合策略的协同作用。通过阐明基本的防污机理，该方法为具有优异的防污和自清洁功能的功能性膜，涂层和表面的制造开辟了一条新途径。Sharklet模式的表面流动特性也有效地抑制了掺入的AgNPs的浸出，从而延长了其抗生物结垢的作用，突出了所提出的组合策略的协同作用。通过阐明基本的防污机理，该方法为具有优异的防污和自清洁功能的功能性膜，涂层和表面的制造开辟了一条新途径。Sharklet模式的表面流动特性也有效地抑制了掺入的AgNPs的浸出，从而延长了其抗生物结垢的作用，突出了所提出的组合策略的协同作用。通过阐明基本的防污机理，该方法为具有优异的防污和自清洁功能的功能性膜，涂层和表面的制造开辟了一条新途径。