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Immobilization and stabilization of volcanic ash in soil aggregates in semiarid meadows of Northern Patagonia
Geoderma ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.114987
Andrea Soledad Enriquez , Magdalena Necpalova , María Victoria Cremona , Pablo Luís Peri , Johan Six

Although volcanism may be perceived by the society as a phenomenon with mostly negative consequences, this is not always the case especially for natural systems. There is a limited knowledge on how the deposited pristine ash becomes immobilized and stabilized in the soil after the volcanic event. Here, we studied processes of soil aggregates formation in the buried ash layer in an early stage of the succession as well as the influence of the biological legacy (previous land management history) on these processes after the 2011 volcanic event of the Puyehue–Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex. 5.5 years after the eruption we collected soil cores to a 10 cm depth in wet and mesic meadows with good and poor grassland conditions induced by light and heavy grazing intensity, respectively, in the East semiarid region of North Patagonia, Argentina. The ash layer was observed down to 5 cm from the soil surface, clearly differentiating a newly developed soil layer formed after the volcanic event. Accordingly, the top 5 cm were examined for the distribution of different size fractions of water-stable soil aggregates and their associated organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) contents. We detected signs of physical and physicochemical changes in respect to the pristine ash collected at these sites in 2011. Soil neoformation processes were detected through the presence of large (4%) and small (21%) macroaggregates, although microaggregates (~45%) and silt + clay fractions (~29%) dominated the soil mass (ash-soil matrix: 0–5 cm depth). C and N contents decreased in a sequence: large macroaggregates ≥ small macroaggregates > microaggregates ≥ silt + clay, highlighting the importance of soil organic matter in the formation of larger-size aggregates and their quality (C and N contents). Biological legacy influenced soil aggregate formation and their quality, as reflected by a higher mass of small macroaggregates and a lower mass of microaggregates (only in mesic meadows) and by higher C and N contents under good grassland conditions. The seasonal hydrological conditions of meadow soils (i.e., soil water content, wetting and drying cycles) via effects on biological and physical processes likely resulted in a reduced aggregation in wet meadows. We noticed an incipient but present soil aggregation processes in these semiarid wetlands translated in the immobilization and stabilization of the buried ashes in the soil. The total C content in the new 0–5 cm soil layer increased at a rate of 1.0 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, on average. This indicates a functional recovery of the ecosystem along with a substantial CO2 mitigation potential in the ashes stabilized with soil organic matter, which might partially counterbalance CO2 emitted during the eruption.



中文翻译:

巴塔哥尼亚北部半干旱草甸土壤团聚体中火山灰的固定和稳定

尽管社会可能将火山视为一种主要带来消极后果的现象,但并非总是如此,特别是对于自然系统而言。关于火山事件后沉积的原始灰烬如何固定并稳定在土壤中的知识有限。在这里,我们研究了2011年Puyehue-CordónCaulle火山事件后,演替初期埋入灰烬层中土壤团聚体形成的过程以及生物遗产(先前的土地管理历史)对这些过程的影响。火山综合体。喷发5.5年后,我们分别在阿根廷北巴塔哥尼亚东部半干旱地区,分别在轻度和重度放牧强度引起的草原条件好坏的湿润和中型草甸上,收集了土壤芯,深度达10厘米。在距土壤表层5厘米处观察到了灰烬层,明显地区分了火山事件后形成的新发展的土壤层。因此,检查了顶部5厘米处水稳性土壤团聚体的不同大小分数及其相关有机碳(C)和总氮(N)含量的分布。我们检测到了2011年在这些地点收集的原始灰分的物理和物理化学变化的迹象。通过存在大型(4%)和小型(21%)大型集料,尽管存在微集料(〜45%),检测到了土壤新形成过程。淤泥和粘土分数(〜29%)在土壤中占主导地位(灰土基质:0-5 cm深度)。碳和氮的含量依次降低:大的大型骨料≥小的大型骨料>微的骨料≥淤泥+粘土,强调了土壤有机质在形成大型团聚体及其质量(碳和氮含量)中的重要性。生物遗产影响了土壤团聚体的形成及其质量,这反映在较高的草地条件下,较大的大型团聚体的质量较高,而微量团聚体的质量较低(仅在中生草甸),以及较高的碳和氮含量。通过对生物和物理过程的影响,草甸土壤的季节性水文条件(即土壤水分,湿润和干燥周期)可能导致湿润草甸的聚集减少。我们注意到这些半干旱湿地的初期但目前存在土壤聚集过程,这转化为土壤中埋藏的骨灰的固定和稳定化。新的0-5 cm土壤层中的总C含量以1.0 Mg C ha的速率增加 生物遗产影响了土壤团聚体的形成及其质量,这反映在较高的草地条件下,较大的大型团聚体的质量较高,而微量团聚体的质量较低(仅在中生草甸),以及较高的碳和氮含量。通过对生物和物理过程的影响,草甸土壤的季节性水文条件(即土壤水分,湿润和干燥周期)可能导致湿润草甸的聚集减少。我们注意到这些半干旱湿地的初期但目前存在土壤聚集过程,这转化为土壤中埋藏的骨灰的固定和稳定化。新的0-5 cm土壤层中的总C含量以1.0 Mg C ha的速率增加 生物遗产影响了土壤团聚体的形成及其质量,这反映在较高的草地条件下,较大的大型团聚体的质量较高,而微量团聚体的质量较低(仅在中生草甸),以及较高的碳和氮含量。通过对生物和物理过程的影响,草甸土壤的季节性水文条件(即土壤水分,湿润和干燥周期)可能导致湿润草甸的聚集减少。我们注意到这些半干旱湿地的初期但目前存在土壤聚集过程,这转化为土壤中埋藏的骨灰的固定和稳定化。新的0-5 cm土壤层中的总C含量以1.0 Mg C ha的速率增加 在较大的草地条件下,较高的小型大型骨料和较低的微骨料(仅在中生草甸)以及较高的碳和氮含量反映了这一点。通过对生物和物理过程的影响,草甸土壤的季节性水文条件(即土壤水分,湿润和干燥周期)可能导致湿润草甸的聚集减少。我们注意到这些半干旱湿地的初期但目前存在土壤聚集过程,这转化为土壤中埋藏的骨灰的固定和稳定化。新的0-5 cm土壤层中的总C含量以1.0 Mg C ha的速率增加 在较大的草地条件下,较高的小型大型骨料和较低的微骨料(仅在中生草甸)以及较高的碳和氮含量反映了这一点。通过对生物和物理过程的影响,草甸土壤的季节性水文条件(即土壤水分,湿润和干燥周期)可能导致湿润草甸的聚集减少。我们注意到这些半干旱湿地的初期但目前存在土壤聚集过程,这转化为土壤中埋藏的骨灰的固定和稳定化。新的0-5 cm土壤层中的总C含量以1.0 Mg C ha的速率增加 对生物和物理过程的影响可能会导致湿润草甸的聚集减少。我们注意到这些半干旱湿地的初期但目前存在土壤聚集过程,这转化为土壤中埋藏的骨灰的固定和稳定化。新的0-5 cm土壤层中的总C含量以1.0 Mg C ha的速率增加 对生物和物理过程的影响可能会导致湿润草甸的聚集减少。我们注意到这些半干旱湿地的初期但目前存在土壤聚集过程,这转化为土壤中埋藏的骨灰的固定和稳定化。新的0-5 cm土壤层中的总C含量以1.0 Mg C ha的速率增加-1年- 1年平均。这表明生态系统的功能恢复以及用土壤有机物稳定的灰烬中大量的CO 2缓解潜力,这可能会部分抵消喷发过程中排放的CO 2

更新日期:2021-02-24
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