The ecological and efficient use of saline–alkaline lands is very important worldwide. The main objective of this paper is to identify an eco-farming system suitable for saline–alkaline lands via emergetic and cosmic exergy-based ecological assessments. Three ecosystems were compared: an agriculture-free system, a local agricultural system, and a superior agricultural system. In the latter two systems, crops (winter wheat and summer maize), animal husbandry and orchards were integrated in raised fields. In the superior agricultural system, conservation tillage, intercropping, and farming-grazing system were used. After 15 years, the electrical conductivity of the soil in 0–30 cm depth was 49.2% reduced using the raised field. In 2018, the average soil electrical conductivity of the superior agricultural system was 20.1% and 14.8% lower than that of the agricultural-free system and local agricultural system, respectively. The superior agricultural system was more sustainable than both the agriculture-free system and the local agricultural system by the footprint investment per unit of footprint delivered method. The renewability and sustainability of the superior agricultural system were higher than the other systems. The economic benefit of the superior agricultural system was the highest among the three systems, which is 1.34 times higher than that of the local agricultural system. These results suggest that the superior agricultural system is better than the other two systems because it promotes the flow of materials and energy and takes advantage of the mutually beneficial effects by using conservation tillage, intercropping, and farming-grazing system. This study contributes to the theoretical foundation for policy-making in saline–alkaline regions worldwide.

在全球范围内，盐碱地的生态和有效利用非常重要。本文的主要目的是通过基于突发和宇宙基于火用的生态评估，确定适合盐碱地的生态农业系统。比较了三个生态系统：无农业系统，本地农业系统和高级农业系统。在后两个系统中，农作物（冬小麦和夏玉米），畜牧业和果园被整合到高地中。在上等农业系统中，使用了保护性耕作，间作和农牧系统。15年后，使用升高的电场，在0–30 cm深度的土壤电导率降低了49.2％。2018年，优越农业系统的平均土壤电导率为20.1％和14。分别比无农业体系和地方农业体系低8％。通过每单位足迹交付方式的足迹投资，优越的农业系统比无农业系统和本地农业系统更具可持续性。高级农业系统的可更新性和可持续性高于其他系统。上等农业系统的经济效益是三个系统中最高的，是当地农业系统的1.34倍。这些结果表明，优越的农业系统优于其他两个系统，因为它促进了物质和能量的流动，并通过使用保护性耕作，间作和农牧系统而利用了互惠互利的优势。