In this paper, a review of the nonlinear aspects of the mechanical inerter will be presented. The historical context goes back to the development of isolators and absorbers in the first half of the twentieth century. Both mechanical and fluid-based nonlinear inerter devices were developed in the mid- and late twentieth century. However, interest in the inerter really accelerated in the early 2000s following the work of Smith [87], who coined the term ‘inerter’ in the context of a force–current analogy between electrical and mechanical networks. Following the historical context, both fluid and mechanical inerter devices will be reviewed. Then, the application of nonlinear inerter-based isolators and absorbers is discussed. These include different types of nonlinear energy sinks, nonlinear inerter isolators and geometrically nonlinear inerter devices, many relying on concepts such as quasi-zero-stiffness springs. Finally, rocking structures with inerters attached are considered, before conclusions and some future directions for research are presented.

在本文中，将介绍机械惰轮的非线性方面。历史背景可以追溯到20世纪上半叶隔离器和吸收器的发展。基于机械和基于流体的非线性惰性装置均在20世纪中叶和晚期开发出来。然而，在史密斯[87]的工作之后，对惯性的兴趣确实在2000年代初加速了。史密斯[87]在电气和机械网络之间的力-电流比喻的背景下创造了“惯性”一词。根据历史背景，将对流体和机械惰性装置进行审查。然后，讨论了基于非线性惯性的隔离器和吸收器的应用。其中包括不同类型的非线性能量吸收器，非线性惯性隔离器和几何非线性惯性装置，许多都依赖于诸如准零刚度弹簧的概念。最后，在得出结论和一些未来研究方向之前，应考虑带有惰性物质的摇摆结构。