Defects in acceptor-doped perovskite piezoelectric materials have a significant impact on their electrical properties. Herein, the defect mediated evolution of piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PSZT-Fe) piezoceramics with different treatments, including quenching, aging, de-aging, and poling, was investigated systematically. Oxygen vacancies with a cubic symmetry are preserved in the quenched PSZT-Fe ceramics, rendering them robust ferroelectric behaviors. In the aged PSZT-Fe polycrystals, defect dipole between Fe dopant and oxygen vacancy has the same orientation with spontaneous polarization P_S, which enables the reversible domain switching and hence leads to the emergence of pinched polarization hysteresis and recoverable strain effect. And the defect dipoles can be gradually disrupted by bipolar electric field cycling, once again endowing the aged materials with representative ferroelectric properties. For the poled PSZT-Fe polycrystals, the defect dipoles are reoriented to be parallel to the applied poling field, and an internal bias field aligning along the same direction emerges simultaneously, being responsible for asymmetric hysteresis loops.

掺杂受体的钙钛矿压电材料中的缺陷对其电性能具有重大影响。在这里，缺陷介导了Fe掺杂的（Pb，Sr）（Zr，Ti）O ₃（PSZT-Fe）压电陶瓷的压电和铁电性能的演变，这些处理包括淬火，时效，去时效和极化处理。系统地调查。淬火后的PSZT-Fe陶瓷中保留了具有立方对称性的氧空位，使其具有强大的铁电性能。在老化的PSZT-Fe多晶体中，Fe掺杂物和氧空位之间的缺陷偶极具有相同的取向，具有自发极化P _S，这使得可逆的域切换成为可能，从而导致出现夹缩的极化磁滞现象和可恢复的应变效应。缺陷偶极子可以通过双极电场循环逐渐破坏，再次赋予老化的材料以代表性的铁电特性。对于极化的PSZT-Fe多晶，缺陷偶极子被重新定向为与所施加的极化场平行，并且同时出现沿相同方向排列的内部偏置场，这是非对称磁滞回线的原因。