This paper examines the impact of New Zealand’s 1996 adoption of a mixed member proportional (MMP) voting scheme on representation in the legislature, voter turnout, vote volatility and the likelihood of an incumbent party winning re-election. I then consider whether MMP has had any negative consequences for the effectiveness of government policy in relation to fiscal accountability and countercyclical intervention. The data used in the analysis begins from the formation of the party system in New Zealand (in 1890) and extends through the adoption of MMP to the pre-pandemic present (2017). The data set covers 42 elections: 34 before 1996 and 8 after.

中文翻译：

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当投票规则改变时会发生什么？新西兰的情况

本文考察了新西兰 1996 年采用的混合成员比例 (MMP) 投票方案对立法机构的代表性、选民投票率、投票波动性以及现任政党赢得连任的可能性的影响。然后我会考虑 MMP 是否对与财政问责制和反周期干预相关的政府政策的有效性产生任何负面影响。分析中使用的数据始于新西兰政党制度的形成（1890 年），并通过采用 MMP 延伸至大流行前的现在（2017 年）。该数据集涵盖 42 次选举：1996 年之前的 34 次和之后的 8 次。