In this paper, I raise a problem for standard precisifications of The Relational Analysis. The problem I raise involves so–called ‘counterfactual’ attitude verbs, such as ‘wish’. In short, the trouble is this: there are true attitude reports ‘S wishes that P’ but there is no suitable referent for the term ‘that P’. The problematic reports illustrate that the content of a subject’s wish is intimately related to the content of their beliefs. I capture this fact by moving to a framework in which ‘wish’ relates subjects to sets of pairs of worlds, or paired propositions, rather than — as is standardly assumed — sets of worlds. Although other types of counterfactual attitude reports, e.g. those involving ‘imagine’, may be similarly problematic, at this stage it is unclear whether they can be handled the same way.

中文翻译：

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反事实态度与关系分析

在这篇论文中，我提出了一个关于关系分析的标准精确度的问题。我提出的问题涉及所谓的“反事实”态度动词，例如“希望”。简而言之，问题在于：有真实的态度报告“S希望P”，但没有合适的指称“那个P”。有问题的报告表明，受试者的愿望内容与其信仰的内容密切相关。我通过转移到一个框架来捕捉这个事实，在这个框架中，“愿望”将主题与成对的世界集或成对的命题联系起来，而不是——正如标准假设的那样——世界集。尽管其他类型的反事实态度报告，例如那些涉及“想象”的报告，可能存在类似的问题，但在现阶段尚不清楚是否可以以相同的方式处理它们。