A wide-band phased array antenna with wide-angle scanning capability for mobile communication system is proposed in this article. An air cavity is properly embedded into the substrate under each array element. This method is very simple and can efficiently enhance wide-angle scanning performance by improving the wide-angle scanning impedance matching (WAIM) and realizing the beam-width of elements in the array. Besides, the operating bandwidth is also extended with the proposed approach. The wide-angle scanning capability is analyzed and verified by both the linear array antennas (on large ground planes in detail) and the planar array. Two $1\times 8$ linear arrays and one $8\times 8$ planar array are demonstrated, which achieve the beam scanning of around ±60° with a realized gain reduction under 3.5 dB in the wide operating bandwidth (37.4%). Furthermore, the beam in the E-plane can scan over ±70° with a realized gain reduction under less than 3 dB. Two linear array prototypes with wide-angle scanning capacity in two planes are fabricated and characterized, yielding good performance within overall operational bandwidth. The measured results align very well with the simulated. The proposed wideband phased array with large scanning coverage is a promising candidate for 5G mobile communications.

中文翻译：

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用于移动通信系统的宽带和广角扫描相控阵天线

本文提出了一种用于移动通信系统的具有广角扫描能力的宽带相控阵天线。将空气腔适当地嵌入每个阵列元件下方的基板中。此方法非常简单，可以通过改善广角扫描阻抗匹配（WAIM）并实现阵列中元素的束宽来有效地提高广角扫描性能。此外，所提出的方法还扩展了工作带宽。线性阵列天线（详细在大接地平面上）和平面阵列都分析和验证了广角扫描能力。二 1美元/次8美元 线性阵列和一个 $ 8 /次8 $ 演示了平面阵列，该阵列在宽工作带宽（37.4％）中实现了大约±60°的光束扫描，并且在3.5 dB以下实现了增益降低。此外，E平面中的光束可以扫描±70°，并且实现了低于3 dB的增益降低。制作并表征了两个在两个平面上具有广角扫描能力的线性阵列原型，并在总体工作带宽内产生了良好的性能。测量结果与模拟结果非常吻合。拟议的具有大扫描范围的宽带相控阵是5G移动通信的有希望的候选者。