Recent research has focused on assessing either event- or time-based prospective memory (PM) using laboratory tasks. Yet, the findings pertaining to PM performance on laboratory tasks are often inconsistent with the findings on corresponding naturalistic experiments. Ecologically valid neuropsychological tasks resemble the complexity and cognitive demands of everyday tasks, offer an adequate level of experimental control, and allow a generalisation of the findings to everyday performance. The Virtual Reality Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL), an immersive virtual reality neuropsychological battery with enhanced ecological validity, was implemented to comprehensively assess everyday PM (i.e., focal and non-focal event-based, and time-based). The effects of the length of delay between encoding and initiating the PM intention and the type of PM task on everyday PM performance were examined. The results revealed that everyday PM performance was affected by the length of delay rather than the type of PM task. The effect of the length of delay differentially affected performance on the focal, non-focal, and time-based tasks and was proportional to the PM cue focality (i.e., semantic relationship with the intended action). This study also highlighted methodological considerations such as the differentiation between functioning and ability, distinction of cue attributes, and the necessity of ecological validity.

中文翻译：

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使用沉浸式虚拟现实对基于事件和基于时间的前瞻性记忆进行生态有效的检查：延迟和任务类型对日常前瞻性记忆的影响

最近的研究集中在使用实验室任务评估基于事件或基于时间的前瞻性记忆（PM）。但是，有关PM在实验室任务中的表现的发现常常与相应的自然主义实验的发现不一致。具有生态学意义的神经心理学任务类似于日常任务的复杂性和认知要求，可以提供足够水平的实验控制，并且可以将研究结果推广到日常工作中。实施了虚拟现实日常评估实验室（VR-EAL），这是一种具有增强的生态有效性的沉浸式虚拟现实神经心理学电池，可用于全面评估日常PM（即基于焦点和非焦点事件以及基于时间）。检查了编码和启动PM意图之间的延迟时间长度以及PM任务类型对日常PM性能的影响。结果表明，每天的PM性能受延迟时间的长短而不是PM任务类型的影响。延迟时间长度的影响对焦点，非焦点和基于时间的任务的表现产生不同的影响，并且与PM提示的焦点（即与预期动作的语义关系）成正比。这项研究还强调了方法上的考虑，例如功能和能力之间的区别，提示属性的区别以及生态有效性的必要性。延迟时间长度的影响对焦点，非焦点和基于时间的任务的表现产生不同的影响，并且与PM提示的焦点（即与预期动作的语义关系）成正比。这项研究还强调了方法上的考虑，例如功能和能力之间的区别，提示属性的区别以及生态有效性的必要性。延迟时间长度的影响对焦点，非焦点和基于时间的任务的表现产生不同的影响，并且与PM提示的焦点（即与预期动作的语义关系）成正比。这项研究还强调了方法上的考虑，例如功能和能力之间的区别，提示属性的区别以及生态有效性的必要性。