The Argidae is the second most diverse family of the ‘Symphyta’ with more than 900 described species. Here we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study for the family. We compare the adult skeleton anatomy of representatives of 57 described argid genera from different biogeographic regions. We score 223 characters for 117 terminal taxa, and apply maximum parsimony inference to reconstruct the phylogeny, using equal weights and implied weights analyses. The Argidae sensu stricto, i.e. all Argidae except Zenarge, are consistently retrieved as monophyletic. The position of Zenarge changes according to the implied weighting parameters: ((Zenarge+Pergidae)+Argidae) at low (1–3) k-values, (Zenarge+(Pergidae+Argidae)) at high (4–30) k-values. We describe in detail the skeletal anatomy of Zenarge turneri and propose to raise it to family status: Zenargidae stat. revis. We consider the ridge on the teloparameres (=harpes) of the male genitalia to be the main autapomorphy of adults of the Argidae sensu stricto. We recover two main clades within the family and suggest recognizing these as the subfamilies Arginae and Sterictiphorinae. We trace the evolution of characters on the preferred implied weights tree. The genera Arge, Didymia, Pampsilota, Ptenos and Sphacophilus were paraphyletic.

中文翻译：

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从Arge到Zenarge：甲虫的成虫形态和系统发育（膜翅目：Argidae）

Argidae是'Symphyta'的第二大多样性家族，有900多个描述物种。在这里，我们介绍了该家庭的第一个综合系统发育研究。我们比较了来自不同生物地理区域的57个描述的类属的成人骨骼解剖。我们为117个终端分类单元评分223个字符，并使用最大权重推断，使用相等的权重和隐含的权重分析来重建系统发育。严格意义上的Argidae sensu stricto，即除Zenarge之外的所有Argidae，都一贯被认为是单系的。Zenarge的位置根据隐含的加权参数而变化：（（Zenarge + Pergidae）+ Argidae）在低（1-3）k值时，（Zenarge +（Pergidae + Argidae））在高（4–30）k值下。我们详细描述了Zenarge turneri的骨骼解剖，并提出将其提升为家族身份：Zenargidae stat。修订。我们认为对男性生殖器的teloparameres（= harpes）山脊是Argidae的成年人的主要autapomorphy狭义。我们恢复了家族中的两个主要进化枝，并建议将其识别为亚科和剑孢亚科。我们在首选隐式权重树上跟踪字符的演变。该属Arge法，Didymia，Pampsilota，Ptenos和Sphacophilus 是共生的。