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Disentangling the Influence of Three Major Threats on the Demography of an Albatross Community
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.578144
Jaimie B. Cleeland , Deborah Pardo , Ben Raymond , Geoffrey N. Tuck , Clive R. McMahon , Richard A. Phillips , Rachael Alderman , Mary-Anne Lea , Mark A. Hindell

Climate change, fisheries and invasive species represent three pervasive threats to seabirds, globally. Understanding the relative influence and compounding nature of marine and terrestrial threats on the demography of seabird communities is vital for evidence-based conservation. Using 20 years of capture-mark-recapture data from four sympatric species of albatross (black-browed Thalassarche melanophris, gray-headed T. chrysostoma, light-mantled Phoebetria palpebrata and wandering Diomedea exulans) at subantarctic Macquarie Island, we quantified the temporal variability in survival, breeding probability and success. In three species (excluding the wandering albatross because of their small population), we also assessed the influence of fisheries, oceanographic and terrestrial change on these rates. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) explained 20.87–29.38% of the temporal variability in survival in all three species and 22.72–28.60% in breeding success for black-browed and gray-headed albatross, with positive SAM events related to higher success. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index explained 21.14–44.04% of the variability in survival, with higher survival rates following La Niña events. For black-browed albatrosses, effort in south-west Atlantic longline fisheries had a negative relationship with survival and explained 22.75–32.21% of the variability. Whereas increased effort in New Zealand trawl fisheries were related to increases in survival, explaining 21.26–28.29 % of variability. The inclusion of terrestrial covariates, reflecting extreme rainfall events and rabbit-driven habitat degradation, explained greater variability in trends breeding probability than oceanographic or fisheries covariates for all three species. These results indicate managing drivers of demographic trends that are most easily controlled, such as fisheries and habitat degradation, will be a viable option for some species (e.g., black-browed albatross) but less effective for others (e.g., light-mantled albatross). Our results illustrate the need to integrate fisheries, oceanographic and terrestrial processes when assessing demographic variability and formulating the appropriate management response.



中文翻译:

阐明三大威胁对信天翁社区人口统计学的影响

气候变化,渔业和入侵物种在全球范围内对海鸟构成了三大普遍威胁。了解海洋和陆地威胁对海鸟群落人口统计的相对影响和复合性质对于基于证据的保护至关重要。利用来自信天翁的四种同属物种(黑眉)的20年捕获标记捕获数据淡色海藻,灰白的 金丝雀,轻便的 楠楠 和徘徊 双歧双歧杆菌在南极麦格理岛,我们量化了生存,繁殖概率和成功的时间变异性。在三个物种中(由于种群稀少,不包括流浪信天翁),我们还评估了渔业,海洋学和陆地变化对这些比率的影响。南部环形模式(SAM)解释了所有三个物种存活时间的时间变异性的20.87–29.38%,以及黑眉和灰头信天翁的繁殖成功率的22.72–28.60%,其中SAM事件呈阳性与成功率较高相关。厄尔尼诺南方涛动指数(ENSO)解释了生存变异性的21.14–44.04%,而拉尼娜事件后的存活率更高。对于黑眉信天翁,西南大西洋延绳钓渔业的努力与生存负相关,解释为22.75-32。21%的可变性。新西兰拖网捕捞工作量的增加与存活率的增加有关,解释了变异性的21.26%至28.29%。包括陆地协变量在内,反映了极端降雨事件和兔子驱动的栖息地退化,解释了这三个物种的趋势繁殖概率比海洋或渔业协变量更大的变异性。这些结果表明,管理最容易控制的人口趋势的驱动因素,例如渔业和栖息地退化,对于某些物种(例如,黑眉信天翁)将是一个可行的选择,而对于其他物种(例如,光秃的信天翁)则不那么有效。我们的结果表明,需要整合渔业,

更新日期:2021-02-23
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