The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis resulted in unprecedented changes in the spatial mobility of people across societies due to the restrictions imposed. This also resulted in unexpected mobility and population dynamics that created a challenge for crisis preparedness, including the mobility from cities during the crisis due to the underlying phenomenon of multi-local living. People changing their residences can spread the virus between regions and create situations in which health and emergency services are not prepared for the population increase. Here, our focus is on urban–rural mobility and the influence of multi-local living on population dynamics in Finland during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. Results, based on three mobile phone datasets, showed a significant drop in inter-municipal mobility and a shift in the presence of people—a population decline in urban centres and an increase in rural areas, which is strongly correlated to secondary housing. This study highlights the need to improve crisis preparedness by: (1) acknowledging the growing importance of multi-local living, and (2) improving the use of novel data sources for monitoring population dynamics and mobility. Mobile phone data products have enormous potential, but attention should be paid to the varying methodologies and their possible impact on analysis.

中文翻译：

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在COVID-19危机期间逃离城市：使用手机数据追踪芬兰的出行方式

由于施加的限制，2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）危机导致人们在整个社会的空间流动性发生了前所未有的变化。这还导致了出乎意料的流动性和人口动态，这给危机准备工作带来了挑战，其中包括由于潜在的多地区生活现象，危机期间城市的流动性。改变居住地的人们可以在地区之间传播病毒，并造成无法为人口增长做好医疗和紧急服务的情况。在这里，我们的重点是研究2020年COVID-19危机期间芬兰的城乡流动性以及多人居住环境对人口动态的影响。基于三个手机数据集的结果，显示出城市间的流动性显着下降和人口的变化-城市中心的人口减少和农村地区的人口增加，这与二手房密切相关。这项研究强调了通过以下方面来改善危机准备的必要性：（1）认识到多本地人生活的重要性日益增加，（2）改进了使用新颖的数据源来监测人口动态和流动性。手机数据产品具有巨大的潜力，但应注意各种方法及其对分析的可能影响。（2）改进对监测人口动态和流动性的新型数据源的利用。手机数据产品具有巨大的潜力，但应注意各种方法学及其对分析的可能影响。（2）改进对监测人口动态和流动性的新型数据源的利用。手机数据产品具有巨大的潜力，但应注意各种方法及其对分析的可能影响。