Citizenship deprivation is becoming an increasingly standard response of modern states to criminal and other harmful acts. Current academic attempts to determine the sanction’s legitimacy are, however, frustrated by the inadequate understanding of its nature. Departing from a dominant perspective that considers denationalization as punishment, this article conducts an original study of citizenship policies in 37 European democracies and contrasts them with key principles of punishment. The findings raise serious doubts regarding the penal nature of denationalization: I propose instead that denationalization is better understood as a sui generis sanction, which seeks to relieve the polity of those members who fail to satisfy fundamental citizenship requirements. This position has serious implications for our understanding and justification of modern revocation practices.

中文翻译：

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超越惩罚的界限：公民剥夺的本质

剥夺公民身份已成为现代国家对犯罪和其他有害行为的越来越标准的反应。然而，目前对于确定制裁合法性的学术尝试由于对其性质的了解不足而感到沮丧。本文从将非国有化视为惩罚的主流观点出发，对37个欧洲民主国家的公民权政策进行了原创性研究，并将其与惩罚的主要原则进行了对比。这些发现对去国有化的刑事性质提出了严重怀疑：我建议将去国有化更好地理解为一种特殊的说法。制裁，旨在减轻那些未能满足基本公民身份要求的成员的政体。这一立场对我们对现代吊销做法的理解和辩护具有严重的意义。