A major and growing concern within society is the lack of innovative and effective solutions to mitigate the challenge of environmental pollution. Uncontrolled release of pollutants into the environment as a result of urbanisation and industrialisation is a staggering problem of global concern. Although, the eco-toxicity of nanotechnology is still an issue of debate, however, nanoremediation is a promising emerging technology to tackle environmental contamination, especially dealing with recalcitrant contaminants. Nanoremediation represents an innovative approach for safe and sustainable remediation of persistent organic compounds such as pesticides, chlorinated solvents, brominated or halogenated chemicals, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and heavy metals. This comprehensive review article provides a critical outlook on the recent advances and future perspectives of nanoremediation technologies such as photocatalysis, nano-sensing etc., applied for environmental decontamination. Moreover, sustainability assessment of nanoremediation technologies was taken into consideration for tackling legacy contamination with special focus on health and environmental impacts. The review further outlines the ecological implications of nanotechnology and provides consensus recommendations on the use of nanotechnology for a better present and sustainable future.

社会内部日益关注的主要问题是缺乏创新和有效的解决方案来缓解环境污染的挑战。城市化和工业化导致的污染物向环境的无控制释放是全球关注的一个令人震惊的问题。虽然，纳米技术的生态毒性仍然是一个有争议的问题，但是，纳米修复是一种有前途的新兴技术，可以解决环境污染，特别是处理顽固性污染物的问题。纳米修复是一种创新方法，可以安全，可持续地修复持久性有机化合物，例如农药，氯化溶剂，溴化或卤化化学品，全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）以及重金属。这篇全面的综述文章对用于环境净化的纳米修复技术（例如光催化，纳米传感等）的最新进展和未来观点提供了批判性的展望。此外，考虑到纳米修复技术的可持续性评估，以应对遗留污染，并特别关注健康和环境影响。审查进一步概述了纳米技术的生态影响，并就使用纳米技术实现更美好的现在和可持续的未来提供了共识性建议。考虑到纳米修复技术的可持续性评估，在处理遗留污染时要特别注意健康和环境影响。审查进一步概述了纳米技术的生态影响，并就使用纳米技术实现更美好的现在和可持续的未来提供了共识性建议。考虑到纳米修复技术的可持续性评估，在处理遗留污染时要特别注意健康和环境影响。审查进一步概述了纳米技术的生态影响，并就使用纳米技术实现更美好的现在和可持续的未来提供了共识性建议。