Plant-based artefacts are rarely preserved in archaeological contexts in the Iberian Peninsula. Very few sites with specific conditions such as waterlogging, aridity or carbonization have preserved organic material. The aim of this paper is to establish an identification criterion for identifying organic raw materials used for manufacturing plant-based artifacts by using optical microscopy. The coiled basketry remains found in La Draga (Banyoles, Girona) and Coves del Fem (Ulldemolins, Tarragona) have been studied using this method. The materials were exceptionally well-preserved by waterlogging in the case of La Draga, and carbonized or dehydrated in Coves del Fem. Samples of both coils and stitches from all the basket remains were analysed. The anatomy of their cross-sections was observed under a transmitted light bright-dark field (BF-DF) optical microscope and compared with modern reference collections. The results show the use of at least five species corresponding to four families: three monocotyledons (Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Typhaceae) and a dicotyledon (Malvaceae). Moreover, it has been possible to distinguish the part of the plant used. Variability in raw materials implied extensive environmental knowledge. Moreover, functional studies of wooden, faunal, lithic and malacological tools suggest a local production of baskets. This paper expands the current knowledge of raw materials used for basketry purposes during prehistory in the Mediterranean area as the examples from La Draga and the Coves del Fem are the oldest basketry remains that have been studied in depth in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe.

在伊比利亚半岛的考古环境中，很少保存基于植物的人工制品。具有特殊条件（例如涝渍，干旱或碳化）的场所很少保存有机物质。本文的目的是建立鉴定标准，以通过光学显微镜鉴定用于制造基于植物的人工制品的有机原料。使用这种方法研究了拉德拉加（Banooles，Girona）和科夫斯德尔菲姆（Ulldemolins，塔拉戈纳）发现的盘绕编篮残骸。在拉德拉加（La Draga）的情况下，这些材料通过浸水得到了很好的保存，而在科夫斯德尔费姆（Coves del Fem）中碳化或脱水了。分析了来自所有篮子残留物的线圈和线圈的样品。在透射光明暗场（BF-DF）光学显微镜下观察了它们的横截面，并与现代参考文献进行了比较。结果表明至少使用了五个物种，它们对应于四个科：三个单子叶植物（禾本科，莎草科和香菜科）和一个双子叶植物（锦葵科）。此外，有可能区分所用设备的一部分。原材料的可变性意味着广泛的环境知识。此外，对木制，动物，石器和乳制品工具的功能研究表明，篮子是当地生产的。