Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare condition of skeletal fragility affecting women in pregnancy or the postpartum period. During normal pregnancy and lactation, substantial changes in calcium metabolism and skeletal physiology occur in order to meet the demands of the developing foetus. Whilst these adaptations are reversible and generally of no clinical consequence for the mother, a small number of women will develop osteoporosis and suffer fragility fractures. Vertebral fractures occur most commonly in PAO and are often multiple. Due to the rarity of PAO, systematic study to date has been limited. Aetiology is poorly understood, but traditional osteoporosis risk factors and genetic factors are likely to play a role. A small number of cases may be due to an underlying metabolic bone disorder or monogenic condition. Management of PAO is challenging, due both to a poor evidence base and the fact that spontaneous improvement in BMD is known to occur once pregnancy and lactation are complete. Bisphosphonates, denosumab and teriparatide have all been used in individual patients, but the data supporting their use are currently limited.

妊娠相关性骨质疏松症 (PAO) 是一种罕见的骨骼脆弱疾病，影响妊娠期或产后妇女。在正常怀孕和哺乳期间，钙代谢和骨骼生理会发生重大变化，以满足发育中胎儿的需求。虽然这些适应是可逆的，并且通常对母亲没有临床影响，但少数女性会发展为骨质疏松症并遭受脆性骨折。椎体骨折最常见于 PAO，并且通常是多发性的。由于 PAO 的稀有性，迄今为止的系统研究受到限制。病因知之甚少，但传统的骨质疏松症风险因素和遗传因素可能发挥作用。少数病例可能是由于潜在的代谢性骨病或单基因疾病所致。PAO 的管理具有挑战性，因为证据基础不足，而且众所周知，一旦妊娠和哺乳期完成，BMD 就会自发改善。双膦酸盐、地诺单抗和特立帕肽均已用于个体患者，但目前支持其使用的数据有限。