Abstract:Novels speak about human life in relation to the norms and values that orient them. Ideography, which consists in first selecting a set of values and then inventing examples that embody them, was the most frequent way of building novels before the eighteenth century. Later, realist writers focused less on making abstract values visible than on portraying the surrounding world. First they were eager to grasp the customs and social structures that organize it, but as time went by, more recent novel writers began to suspect that what one actually sees might well be linked to enigmatic, foggy inner landscapes.

中文翻译：

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小说讲什么

摘要：小说讲述了人类生活与引导它们的规范和价值观的关系。表意文字首先选择一组价值观，然后发明体现这些价值观的例子，是 18 世纪之前最常见的小说创作方式。后来，现实主义作家不再关注使抽象价值可见，而是关注描绘周围的世界。起初，他们渴望掌握组织它的习俗和社会结构，但随着时间的流逝，最近的小说作家开始怀疑，人们实际看到的很可能与神秘、模糊的内心景观有关。