Abstract:This essay surveys William Shakespeare’s Richard III in terms of the early modern construction of the north-south divide. Both modern and early modern historians view King Richard III as “England’s first and only northerner king,” and during his short-lived reign the north enjoyed a time of “colonialist dominion over the South.” In Richard III, Shakespeare engages directly with this form of colonial domination. Shakespeare’s depiction of Richard III’s rule projects a fear of the civilized south being colonized by the barbarous, impoverished, and militaristic north; Richard III as an “elvish-marked, abortive, rooting hog” might illustrate southern antipathy toward this northerner king. Yet Shakespeare’s portrayal of him is more complicated, and Richard III shows how early modern England ambiguously defined the relations between the north and the south. In Shakespeare’s play, Richard is not fully northern and the north’s attitude toward him is duplicitous at best. Toward the end of the narrative, Richard is betrayed and abandoned by the northern lords, while Henry Tudor finally achieves the crown by winning over the north. In Richard III, Shakespeare attempts to show how much the English crown was dependent upon the north and how Tudor history was inseparably articulated with northern English history by questioning the providential rise of the Tudor dynasty.

中文翻译：

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莎士比亚《理查三世》中的北方

摘要：本文从威廉·莎士比亚的理查三世（Richard III）出发，对南北分界线的早期现代建筑进行了考察。现代和早期现代历史学家都将理查三世国王视为“英格兰的第一位也是唯一的北方国王”，在他短暂的统治期间，北方享有“南方殖民主义统治时期”。在理查三世中，莎士比亚直接参与了这种形式的殖民统治。莎士比亚对理查三世统治的描写使人们担心，文明的南方被野蛮，贫穷和军国主义的北部殖民。理查德三世（Richard III）作为“标有精灵的，堕胎的，生根的猪”可能说明南方对这位北方国王的反感。但是莎士比亚对他的描述更为复杂，理查德三世（Richard III）展示了近代英格兰如何模糊地定义了南北之间的关系。在莎士比亚的戏剧中，理查德并不完全是北方人，而北方人对他的态度充其量是du昧的。叙述快要结束时，理查德被北方领主出卖并抛弃，而亨利·都铎最终通过夺取北方而获得了王冠。在《理查三世》中，莎士比亚试图通过质疑都铎王朝的兴起，来表明英国王冠对北方的依赖程度以及如何将都铎王朝的历史与北方英国历史紧密地联系在一起。而亨利·都铎（Henry Tudor）最终通过赢得北方赢得了冠军。在《理查三世》中，莎士比亚试图通过质疑都铎王朝的兴起，来表明英国王冠对北方的依赖程度，以及都铎王朝的历史与北方英国历史密不可分。而亨利·都铎（Henry Tudor）最终通过赢得北方赢得了桂冠。在《理查三世》中，莎士比亚试图通过质疑都铎王朝的兴起，来表明英国王冠对北方的依赖程度以及如何将都铎王朝的历史与北方英国历史紧密地联系在一起。