My present work is a study of British authors published abroad. In the seventeenth century, English and Scots had a negligible readership outside the British Isles. The principal languages of Europe were Latin, the language of the clerisy and of scientific exchange, and French, the language of chivalry and diplomacy. It follows that British authors could make an impression abroad only if they wrote in Latin or if their work underwent translation. The quantity and significance of the resultant literature is little understood. Additionally, because there is so little translation of literary texts, the importance of translation out of English is often underestimated. A huge amount of political and theological writing was published in Dutch translation: There is also an important phenomenon of “onward translation” from Dutch to German, and from German to the Scandinavian languages, Polish, and other tongues, without reference to the original English texts (there is also a smaller, but significant “onward” process from French to other romance languages). The Elizabethan puritans in particular have a major presence in Continental translation. There is also a political dimension to publication abroad: The English state attempted to remedy propaganda disasters by having recourse to foreign presses, and dissident writers attempted to sway opinion both at home and abroad. Furthermore, significant quantities of writing were produced within diaspora communities; the most salient being the separatist Protestant churches in the Netherlands that included the Pilgrim Fathers, and the Catholic seminaries and monasteries. Many of these had well-developed networks of international communication.

中文翻译：

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英国作家在国外出版

我目前的工作是对在国外发表的英国作家的研究。在十七世纪，英语和苏格兰人在大不列颠群岛之外的读者人数微不足道。欧洲的主要语言是拉丁语，即教职和科学交流的语言，而法语则是骑士精神和外交的语言。由此可见，英国作家只有在用拉丁文写作或翻译后才能在国外留下深刻的印象。所得文献的数量和意义鲜为人知。另外，由于文学文本的翻译很少，因此经常低估英语翻译的重要性。在荷兰语翻译中发表了大量政治和神学著作：从荷兰语到德语，还有一个重要的“向前翻译”现象，从德语到斯堪的纳维亚的语言，波兰语和其他语言，而没有参考原始的英语文本（从法语到其他浪漫语言还有一个较小但重要的“向前”过程）。伊丽莎白女王时代的清教徒尤其在大陆翻译中占有重要地位。在国外出版还有一个政治层面：英国政府试图通过利用外国媒体来补救宣传灾难，而持不同政见的作家则试图在国内外发表意见。此外，在侨民社区内产生了大量的著作。最突出的是荷兰的分离主义新教教会，其中包括朝圣者神父，天主教神学院和修道院。