Maḥmūd Darwīsh spent his life as a poet, a public intellectual, and a politician working “in defense of little differences,” and he is often quoted by Palestinian compatriots to explain their seemingly inexplicable history. After the Nakbah of 1948—the rules of engagement in flux, and Palestinians subject to harsh colonial conditions—Eden, Troy, al-Andalus, and Exodus became not only terrains of metaphor and political rhetoric in Darwīsh’s poetic lexica, but also fleeting heterotopias, heavily employed in his public intellectualism in constructing the phraseme of “little differences.” This article is not a critical reading of Darwīsh’s poetry but rather of his prose texts, and argues that the would-be dichotomy between aesthetics and politics was mediated by Darwīsh through the “little differences” between the roles of poetry and prose in defending national and universal causes; and the “little differences” that make up Palestine’s relation to myth and history. Triumph and defeat come to mean through Troy as a metaphor for Palestine, the fall of al-Andalus standing in for Palestine’s fall to Euro-Zionist colonial projects, the location of the Palestinian ever on the periphery of modern Jewish ethics, ever re-enacting Biblical scenes. Reading the polemics of such cultural landscapes and political geographies, this article maps Darwīsh’s vision for justice in historic Palestine and its diaspora.

中文翻译：

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政治达尔文

Maḥmūd Darwīsh 的一生是诗人、公共知识分子和政治家，致力于“捍卫微小差异”，巴勒斯坦同胞经常引用他来解释他们看似莫名其妙的历史。在 1948 年的灾难之后——不断变化的交战规则和巴勒斯坦人遭受恶劣的殖民条件——伊甸园、特洛伊、安达卢斯和出埃及记不仅成为达尔维什诗歌词汇中的隐喻和政治修辞的领域，而且成为转瞬即逝的异托邦，他的公共知识分子在构建“微小差异”的短语时大量使用。这篇文章不是对达尔维什诗歌的批判性阅读，而是他的散文文本，并认为，美学和政治之间可能的二分法是由达尔维什通过诗歌和散文在捍卫民族和普遍事业方面的作用之间的“微小差异”来调解的；以及构成巴勒斯坦与神话和历史关系的“小差异”。胜利和失败通过特洛伊成为巴勒斯坦的隐喻，安达卢斯的垮台代表了巴勒斯坦对欧洲犹太复国主义殖民项目的堕落，巴勒斯坦人的位置永远处于现代犹太伦理的边缘，永远重新制定圣经场景。阅读此类文化景观和政治地理的论战，本文描绘了达尔维什对历史悠久的巴勒斯坦及其侨民的正义愿景。胜利和失败通过特洛伊成为巴勒斯坦的隐喻，安达卢斯的垮台代表了巴勒斯坦对欧洲犹太复国主义殖民项目的堕落，巴勒斯坦人的位置永远处于现代犹太伦理的边缘，永远重新制定圣经场景。阅读此类文化景观和政治地理的论战，本文描绘了达尔维什对历史悠久的巴勒斯坦及其侨民的正义愿景。胜利和失败通过特洛伊成为巴勒斯坦的隐喻，安达卢斯的垮台代表巴勒斯坦的欧洲-犹太复国主义殖民项目的垮台，巴勒斯坦人的位置永远处于现代犹太伦理的边缘，永远重新制定圣经场景。阅读此类文化景观和政治地理的论战，本文描绘了达尔维什对历史悠久的巴勒斯坦及其侨民的正义愿景。