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Quantifying ocular morphologies in extant primates for reliable interspecific comparisons
Journal of Language Evolution Pub Date : 2016-05-09 , DOI: 10.1093/jole/lzw004
Juan Olvido Perea García

Cross-examining evidence from comparative morphology has become a way to support specific hypotheses in social cognition. In particular, ocular morphology has been compared across extant primate species in order to argue that humans present a unique morphology that enables also an uniquely human array of socio-cognitive functions—including a crucial role in the acquisition and practice of linguistic abilities. Even though some of these comparisons have relied on quantifiable dimensions of ocular morphology, other aspects of the comparison have been established qualitatively, based on subjective ratings. In this article, I present a new method that intends to restrain the focus of attention to one specific perceptual aspect of ocular morphology—namely, the contrast between scleral and iridal colors, as it is thought to enable (or ease) gaze following from other individuals. The method also allows for more reliable comparisons across extant primate species, as it relies on quantifiable measurements. I exemplify the potential of this method with a three-fold comparison of three great ape species ( Pongo pygmaeus , Pongo abelii , and Homo sapiens ).

中文翻译:

量化现存灵长类动物的眼部形态,以进行可靠的种间比较

来自比较形态学的交叉检查证据已成为支持社会认知中特定假设的一种方式。特别是,已经对现存灵长类物种的眼部形态进行了比较,以论证人类呈现出一种独特的形态,这种形态也实现了人类独特的社会认知功能阵列——包括在语言能力的获得和实践中的关键作用。尽管其中一些比较依赖于眼部形态的可量化维度,但比较的其他方面已根据主观评级定性建立。在本文中,我提出了一种新方法,旨在将注意力集中在眼部形态的一个特定感知方面——即巩膜和虹膜颜色之间的对比,因为它被认为可以(或减轻)其他人的凝视。该方法还允许对现存灵长类动物进行更可靠的比较,因为它依赖于可量化的测量。我通过对三种类人猿物种(Pongo pygmaeus、Pongo abelii 和 Homo sapiens)的三重比较来举例说明这种方法的潜力。
更新日期:2016-05-09
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