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Feeding Hotspots and Distribution of Fin and Humpback Whales in the Norwegian Sea From 2013 to 2018
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.632720
Sunniva Løviknes , Knut H. Jensen , Bjørn A. Krafft , Valantine Anthonypillai , Leif Nøttestad

Fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are commonly found in the Norwegian Sea during the summer months. Records from around 1995 to 2004 show that their distribution patterns were mainly associated with those of macro-zooplankton. More recent studies conducted from 2009 to 2012 demonstrate marked shifts, with fin whale distribution related to pelagic fish distribution, decreasing densities of humpbacks, and increased densities of toothed whales. During the same period, historically large abundances of pelagic planktivorous fish in the Norwegian Sea were reported. The goals of this study were to examine the summer distribution of fin and humpback whales from 2013 to 2018 and to assess the potential association between distribution and environmental impact factors. Results suggest a pronounced northerly shift in distribution for both species, a feeding hotspot for fin whales at the shelf area between Svalbard and Norway, and one near Bear Island for humpback whales. Fin whale distribution was associated with that of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and capelin (Mallotus villosus), whereas humpback whale distribution was associated with that of euphausiids (Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Thysanoessa longicaudata, and Thysanoessa inermis), capelin, and herring (Clupea harengus). However, a significant negative spatial correlation was found between whale occurrence and the widely expanding population of northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). The results of this study suggest that the prey composition of fin and humpback whales in recent years contain a large proportion of fish. The apparent northerly shift in the distribution of these whale species is largely determined by the availability of prey, but it likely is also impacted by direct or indirect interspecific interactions, especially with killer whales (Orcinus orca). Such large-scale pronounced changes in distribution seem to confirm a high degree of plasticity in fin and humpback whale feeding in the Norwegian Sea.



中文翻译:

2013年至2018年挪威海中鳍和座头鲸的摄食热点和分布

鲸鱼(鳞翅目)和座头鲸(巨型)通常在夏季的几个月里在挪威海中发现。1995年至2004年左右的记录表明,它们的分布模式主要与大型浮游动物的分布模式有关。从2009年到2012年进行的更多最新研究表明,鲸鱼的分布与浮游鱼类的分布有关,座头鲸的密度下降,齿鲸的密度增加,这发生了明显的变化。在同一时期,据报道在挪威海中有大量的浮游浮游鱼类。这项研究的目的是检查2013年至2018年夏季鳍鳍和座头鲸的分布,并评估分布与环境影响因素之间的潜在关联。结果表明,这两个物种的分布均出现明显的北移,在斯瓦尔巴特群岛和挪威之间的架子区域,是一条鲸鱼的觅食热点,在熊岛附近的一个是座头鲸的觅食热点。鲸鱼的分布与蓝鲸的分布有关(细小红豆)和毛鳞鱼(绒槌),而座头鲸的分布与古怪动物的分布(巨嘴ny(Meganyctiphanes norvegica), 和 百里香),毛鳞鱼和鲱鱼(绿豌豆)。但是,在鲸鱼的发生与东北大西洋鲭鱼种群的广泛扩展之间发现了显着的负空间相关性(com)。这项研究的结果表明,近年来鳍鳍和座头鲸的猎物组成中含有很大比例的鱼。这些鲸鱼物种分布的明显北移主要取决于猎物的可利用性,但也可能受到直接或间接种间相互作用的影响,尤其是与虎鲸的相互作用(逆戟鲸)。如此大规模的分布变化,似乎证实了挪威海域鳍鳍和座头鲸的高度可塑性。

更新日期:2021-02-22
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