Abstract

Background

Take-home naloxone (THN) is provided to non-medically trained people to reverse potential opioid overdoses. There is an increasing range of effective intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) naloxone devices and this paper explores the types preferred by people who use opioids, using consumer behaviour literature to interpret the findings.

Methods

Data derive from two unconnected qualitative studies involving audio-recorded semi-structured interviews. Study 1 was conducted in the United States (n = 21 users of non-medical/illicit opioids). Study 2 was conducted in Australia (n = 42 users of non-medical/illicit or prescribed opioids).

Findings

Most participants preferred IN naloxone. Preferences were based on the ease, speed, safety and comfort of each device and underpinned by accounts of overdose revivals as being very rushed and frightening situations. Preferences related to complex interactions between the naloxone device (‘product’); the knowledge, skills, experience and attitudes of the lay responder (‘consumer’), and when, where and how naloxone was to be used (‘usage situation’).

Conclusions

THN programs should offer choice of device when possible and nasal naloxone if resources permit. Asking people which devices they prefer and why and treating them as valued consumers of naloxone products can generate insights that improve future naloxone technology and increase THN uptake and usage.

中文翻译：

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了解对带回家的纳洛酮装置类型的偏好：对阿片类药物使用者观点的国际定性分析

摘要

背景

向未经医学培训的人提供带回家的纳洛酮 (THN)，以逆转潜在的阿片类药物过量。有效的肌内 (IM) 和鼻内 (IN) 纳洛酮装置的范围越来越广，本文探讨了使用阿片类药物的人偏爱的类型，并使用消费者行为文献来解释研究结果。

方法

数据来自两项不相关的定性研究，涉及录音半结构化访谈。研究 1 在美国进行（n  = 21 名非医疗/非法阿片类药物使用者）。研究 2 在澳大利亚进行（n  = 42 名非医疗/非法或处方阿片类药物使用者）。

发现

大多数参与者更喜欢 IN 纳洛酮。偏好基于每个设备的易用性、速度、安全性和舒适性，并以服用过量的情况作为非常仓促和可怕的情况的说法为基础。与纳洛酮装置（“产品”）之间的复杂相互作用相关的偏好；非专业人员（“消费者”）的知识、技能、经验和态度，以及纳洛酮的使用时间、地点和方式（“使用情况”）。

结论

THN 计划应尽可能提供设备选择，如果资源允许，应提供鼻用纳洛酮。询问人们他们喜欢哪种设备以及为什么并将他们视为纳洛酮产品的重要消费者可以产生洞察力，从而改进未来的纳洛酮技术并增加 THN 的吸收和使用。