ABSTRACT

Permaculture is an internationally recognized sustainable agriculture model, which strategically integrates traditional and unconventional management practices in order to optimize delivery of ecosystem services. Permaculture combines crop diversification, perennialization and nature-sparing, which individually target different but overlapping beneficial ecosystem properties and processes. Permacultures may thus yield greater total ecosystem service delivery and resilience than systems which adopt these constituent techniques in isolation. Provisioning services such as crop yield and stability are often directly or indirectly influenced by regulating and supporting services such as pollination, nutrient cycling and refugia. The magnitude and direction of effects is dependent on genetic, management and environmental factors especially community and landscape composition and configuration. Permaculture may be particularly suited to fostering ecosystem services in low-input, degraded, marginal and least-profitable agricultural areas where effect sizes are most apparent.

摘要

永续农业是国际公认的可持续农业模式，该模式从战略上整合了传统和非常规管理实践，以优化生态系统服务的提供。永续耕种结合了作物多样化，多年生和自然保护，它们分别针对不同但重叠的有益生态系统特性和过程。因此，与孤立地采用这些构成技术的系统相比，永续养殖可产生更大的总体生态系统服务交付和适应力。诸如谷物产量和稳定性之类的供应服务通常直接或间接地受到诸如授粉，养分循环和避难所等调节和支持服务的影响。影响的程度和方向取决于遗传因素，管理和环境因素，尤其是社区和景观的构成和配置。永续农业可能特别适合在影响力最明显的低投入，退化，边缘和利润最低的农业地区促进生态系统服务。