Efficient scavenging and converting energy from surrounding environment to achieve the self-powered operation of electronics has attracted tremendous interest to meet the energy needs of the rapidly growing Internet of Things and portable devices. As a promising technology, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) possesses the capability of efficient utilization of ambient mechanical energy for energy supply and self-powered sensing. By integrating the soft materials into TENG, the soft TENG can be triggered by a quite weak external mechanical stimulation and realize a better conversion of micro mechanical energy. Meanwhile, the deformable soft TENGs further expand the application scenarios of TENGs. Here, the advances of soft TENGs by focusing on the fundamentals, candidate materials, promising structures, applications in energy scavenging and self-powered sensors are reviewed. In particular, the wearable and implantable soft TENGs, through which the related self-powered sensing or biomechanical energy harvesting can be realized in vivo and in vitro respectively, are summarized. Finally, the unique advantages and possible focuses for scientists in future of soft TENGs are emphasized.

有效地清除和转换周围环境中的能量以实现电子设备的自供电操作已引起人们极大的兴趣，以满足快速增长的物联网和便携式设备的能源需求。作为一种有前途的技术，摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）具有有效利用周围机械能进行能源供应和自供电传感的能力。通过将软材料集成到TENG中，可以通过相当弱的外部机械刺激来触发软TENG，并实现更好的微机械能转换。同时，可变形的软TENG进一步扩展了TENG的应用场景。在这里，软TENG的进步主要集中在基础知识，候选材料，有希望的结构，综述了在能量清除和自供电传感器中的应用。尤其是可穿戴和可植入的软TENG，通过它们可以实现相关的自供电传感或生物力学能量收集分别概述了体内和体外。最后，强调了软TENG的未来的独特优势和科学家可能关注的重点。