The goal of the study was to detect quantitative and qualitative changes of the volatile accumulation of lavender flowers during their development. Four Lavandula angustifolia and three Lavandula × intermedia cultivars were studied in a field trial during 2018 and 2019 in Budapest, Hungary. Samples were collected in three flowering phases (bud, full bloom, and end of flowering) in three replicates. Essential oil content was determined by hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus) and the composition by GC–MS analyses based on retention indices and MS libraries. The highest essential oil content was detected at the end of flowering phenophase in L. angustifolia cultivars for both years, while for L. × intermedia varieties, it was different in each year of the experiment. The amount of precipitation occurring prior to the sampling may play an important role in this issue.

For the majority of the cultivars, the highest linalool percentages are obtained by harvesting at the end of flowering phase. The highest ratio of linalyl acetate was measured in most of the samples at the full bloom phase. The proportions of camphor and borneol showed significant but varying tendencies depending on both variety and year. The values of linalool, trans-β-ocimene, terpinene-4-ol, α-terpineol, and lavandulol percentages increased significantly during flower development, while the proportion of 1,8-cineole, and caryophyllene-oxide decreased in three cultivars. Altogether, the effect of phenophase on the essential oil composition was remarkable, especially in ‘Budakalászi’ (L. angustifolia), and ‘Grappenhall’ (L. × intermedia) cultivars, while ‘Munstead’ (L. angustifolia) exhibited the most stable essential oil pattern.

该研究的目的是检测薰衣草花在发育过程中挥发性积累的数量和质量变化。在2018年至2019年期间，在匈牙利布达佩斯的田间试验中研究了四个Lavandula angustifolia和三个Lavandula×中间培养基。在三个开花阶段（芽，盛开和开花结束）以三个重复样收集样品。通过加氢蒸馏（Clevenger仪器）测定精油含量，并根据保留指数和MS库通过GC-MS分析确定其成分。在两年中，在花期末时，在L. angustifolia品种中检测到最高的精油含量，而在L.×intermedia中品种，每年的实验都不同。采样之前发生的降水量可能在此问题中起重要作用。

对于大多数品种，在开花期结束时收获可获得最高的芳樟醇百分比。在盛放阶段，在大多数样品中都测出了乙酸芳樟酯的最高比例。樟脑和冰片的比例显示出显着但不同的趋势，具体取决于品种和年份。在三个花品种中，芳樟醇，反式-β-甜菜碱，萜品烯-4-醇，α-萜品醇和lavandulol的含量显着增加，而1,8-桉树油和石竹烯氧化物的比例则下降。总而言之，苯酚相对精油成分的影响非常显着，特别是在'Budakalászi'（L. angustifolia）和'Grappenhall'（L.×intermedia）品种中，而'Munstead'（L. angustifolia）表现出最稳定的精油模式。