The purpose of this paper is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the use of spit guards by police forces in the UK and to make recommendations regarding an evidence-based approach to decisions related to the use of such equipment.,The paper is based upon an examination of a range of primary source material, secondary sources and grey literature.,Although the use of spit guards can be justified by factors that include the need to protect police officers from contracting serious infectious diseases, there are a number of problems that concern ethical policing and human rights. Concerns arise when spit guards are deployed against vulnerable individuals, are used offensively rather than defensively and when such equipment is deployed disproportionately against persons from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities. Additionally, the image of the police may suffer if spit guards are accompanied by the use of excessive force which may be perceived as an abuse of police power.,The paper makes recommendations that a comprehensive evidence base is required to assist practitioners to make informed decisions regarding the deployment of spit guards. This evidence base should include the extent to which officers are spat at, medical evidence relating to spitting and the transmission of serious diseases, the views of the public concerning the deployment of spit guards and estimations as to whether such equipment will deter spitting by suspects of crime.,This paper provides an original academic contribution to the ongoing debate on the use of spit guards within policing. In particular, it brings together a wide range of material that relates to this topic and presents it as a coherent set of arguments located in a single source.

中文翻译：

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吐槽警卫，道德警务以及采用循证方法的必要性

本文的目的是评估英国警察部队使用防盗器的利弊，并就基于证据的使用此类设备的决策方法提出建议。审查了一系列主要来源材料，次要来源和灰色文献。尽管使用吐唾沫可以通过包括保护警官避免感染严重传染病的因素来证明是合理的，但仍有许多问题值得关注道德警务和人权。当防弹少年团针对弱势群体部署，用于进攻而非防御时，以及针对黑人和少数族裔（BME）社区的人员不成比例地部署此类设备时，都会引发担忧。此外，如果随地吐痰的人使用过分的武力（可能被视为滥用警力），警察的形象可能会受到损害。本文提出建议，需要有全面的证据基础，以帮助从业人员就以下方面做出明智的决定：部署吐痰卫士。该证据基础应包括官员吐口水的程度，与随地吐痰和严重疾病传播有关的医学证据，公众对吐痰警卫部署的看法以及对此类设备是否会阻止嫌疑犯吐痰的估计。犯罪。本文为正在进行的关于在警务中使用吐痰口罩的辩论提供了原始的学术贡献。特别是，