The purpose of this paper is to consider what the author might call the evolution of the evolutionary argument about gangs and, while acknowledging its explanatory power, suggests that gangs may develop in very different ways depending on the available opportunities, pre-existing forms of criminality in the areas in which gangs emerge and global change.,It is based on a review of the relevant literature and interviews with purposive samples of research, criminal justice and social welfare professionals and young people involved in or affected by gang crime. Findings were triangulated with data held by the police and other public authorities.,The term “street gang” includes a wide variety of groupings all of which are involved in some form of crime but with differential levels of organisation and commitment to purely instrumental goals. Gangs may form but not necessarily evolve. Gangs appear to develop in very different ways depending on the available opportunities, pre-existing forms of criminality in the areas in which they emerge and global changes in drugs markets.,The originality of the paper consists in its interrogation of the concept of “gang evolution” and its discussion of the variety of forms and evolutionary trajectories of gangs.

中文翻译：

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英国街头帮派的演变

本文的目的是考虑作者可能会称呼的有关帮派的进化论的演变，并在承认其解释力的同时，建议帮派可能以非常不同的方式发展，这取决于可用的机会，犯罪的既有形式它基于对相关文献的回顾以及对有目的的研究样本，刑事司法和社会福利专业人士以及参与或受帮派犯罪影响的年轻人的采访，并以此为基础。调查结果与警察和其他公共当局持有的数据进行了三角关系。“街头帮派”一词包括各种各样的组织，所有这些组织都涉及某种形式的犯罪​​，但组织水平和对纯工具性目标的承诺不同。帮派可能会形成但不一定会进化。犯罪团伙的发展似乎有很大不同，这取决于可获得的机会，犯罪现场的既有犯罪形式以及毒品市场的全球变化。本文的独创之处在于对“犯罪团伙”概念的质疑。进化”及其对帮派形式和进化轨迹的讨论。