Purpose Despite a robust link between poor caregiver attachment and antisociality, few studies have examined the influence of parentification and emotional resilience on delinquency in later life, in groups at differing risk for antisocial conduct. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This pilot study compared the influence of parentification, attachment style (avoidance or anxious) and emotional resilience on adulthood antisocial behaviour in an offender and normative sample. Of the 137 participants in this study, 66 were supervised by the National Probation Service (age M=36.90, SD=13.91), and 71 were recruited from community-dwelling and student populations (age M=31.83, SD=13.25). Findings In partial support of the predictions, participants in the offender group reported significantly greater levels of attachment anxiety compared to the normative group. However, emotional resilience was positively associated with antisociality in the normative sample. Research limitations/implications This small-scale investigation indicates value in exploring these specific variables in a larger, matched samples study, to enable clearer comparisons to be made between offender and normative groups. Practical implications The preliminary findings suggest that attachment anxiety is associated with antisociality in offender populations, which indicate a therapeutic focus on attachment anxiety as part of correctional care and offender rehabilitation. Originality/value This study is novel in its aim to examine the influence of childhood parentification, attachment deficits and emotional resilience on adulthood antisociality in participants from a high-risk offender sample and non-high-risk normative sample.

中文翻译：

---

情绪适应力，儿童期父母身份和依恋方式对成年后反社会行为的作用：犯罪者和规范人群的比较

目的尽管照顾者依恋和反社会关系密切，但在反社会行为风险不同的人群中，很少有研究检验父母养育和情绪适应能力对晚年犯罪的影响。本文旨在讨论这些问题。设计/方法/方法这项初步研究比较了罪犯和规范样本中父母养育，依恋方式（避免或焦虑）和情绪适应能力对成年后反社会行为的影响。在这项研究的137名参与者中，有66名受到了国家缓刑服务局的监督（年龄M = 36.90，SD = 13.91），有71名参与者来自社区居民和学生（年龄M = 31.83，SD = 13.25）。调查结果为了部分支持这些预测，与标准组相比，罪犯组的参与者报告的依恋焦虑水平明显更高。然而，在规范样本中，情绪弹性与反社会性正相关。研究的局限性/意义这项小规模的调查表明，在较大的，匹配的样本研究中探索这些特定变量的价值，可以使罪犯和规范群体之间的比较清晰。实际意义初步发现表明，依恋焦虑症与罪犯群体中的反社会性相关，这表明治疗上应重视依恋焦虑症，作为矫正治疗和罪犯康复的一部分。原创性/价值这项研究旨在检验儿童父母身份的影响，这是新颖的，