The ‘reintegrative shaming’ and ‘benevolent paternalism’ models, traditionally used to describe the Japanese criminal justice system, have been periodically criticised for their orientalist approach. Nevertheless, no critique addressed the fact that these models ignored the presence of long-lasting crime syndicates, the yakuza, in Japan. Meanwhile, since 1991 the Japanese government has passed different sets of anti-yakuza countermeasures, increasingly punitive towards members and ex-members of the criminal group, that transferred more policing and surveillance duties to common citizens. In light of the evolution of anti-yakuza countermeasures in the past 25 years, this article argues that an analysis of these laws and regulations can provide a chance to reappraise the ‘reintegrative shaming/benevolent paternalism’ models, and proposes ‘shaming paternalism’ as a more realistic description of the current Japanese criminal justice system. According to this model, criminals are shamed and struggle to reintegrate, and the state’s intrusiveness is operated at various stages. Given the gap in English-speaking literature regarding this topic, firstly the contents of anti-yakuza countermeasures are outlined, followed by an evaluation of their effects on the yakuza population. The levels of reintegration of ex-yakuza members are considered, corroborating the hypothesis that the contemporary Japanese criminal justice system is not focussed on reintegration: actually, the most recent tendencies show an increase in punitiveness and stigmatisation. The paper argues that this trend can be understood as an index of increasing authoritarianism in the Japanese government, and concludes that civil engagement is the only viable option of resistance.

中文翻译：

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日本羞辱家长式的兴起：日本刑事司法系统的近期趋势

传统上用来描述日本刑事司法系统的“重新整合的羞辱”和“仁慈的家长制”模式因其东方主义的方法而定期受到批评。然而，没有任何批评指出这些模型忽略了日本长期存在的犯罪集团黑帮的存在。与此同时，自 1991 年以来，日本政府通过了不同的反黑帮反制措施，对犯罪集团的成员和前成员的惩罚力度越来越大，将更多的警务和监视职责转移给了普通公民。鉴于过去 25 年来反黑帮对策的演变，本文认为对这些法律法规的分析可以提供重新评估“重新整合的羞辱/仁慈的家长式”模式的机会，并提出“羞辱家长式”作为对当前日本刑事司法制度的更现实的描述。根据这种模式，犯罪分子蒙羞并努力重新融入社会，国家的干预在不同阶段进行。鉴于有关该主题的英语文献的空白，首先概述了反黑帮对策的内容，然后评估了它们对黑帮人口的影响。考虑了前黑帮成员重新融入社会的程度，证实了当代日本刑事司法系统不关注重新融入社会的假设：实际上，最近的趋势表明惩罚性和污名化程度有所增加。该论文认为，这种趋势可以理解为日本政府威权主义日益增强的指标，