The regulation and governance of labour exploitation is a well-researched area across numerous disciplines. Common approaches towards regulating labour exploitation in businesses and supply chains include state interventions to tackle organised crime via the criminal justice system. However, due to strict criminal-legal definitions, these interventions are only possible when targeting severe exploitation. This emphasis means that a large amount of non-criminalised exploitation risks being overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to argue that non-state regulation is an important element in preventing routinised forms of labour exploitation, whereby a criminological perspective would help to understand and better prevent such practices. The paper examines state regulation, self-regulation of businesses, and trade union activity, which together addresses a wider range of labour exploitation. Semi-structured interviews from workers and supply chain stakeholders in the UK agri-food industry are used to inform this discussion. The governance of labour exploitation in relation to business activities has broader implications for the disciplinary areas of regulation and (corporate) criminology, whereby the former tends to prioritise restorative and persuasive approaches, whereas the latter focuses on deterrence and coercion. Ultimately, drawing together different strands of regulation into a hybrid approach is useful not only due to socio-political processes, but is arguably the most helpful in addressing routinised exploitation.

中文翻译：

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劳动剥削规制治理的犯罪学思考

劳动剥削的监管和治理是一个跨多个学科的深入研究领域。规范企业和供应链中的劳动剥削的常见方法包括国家干预，通过刑事司法系统打击有组织犯罪。但是，由于严格的刑事法律定义，只有在针对严重剥削的情况下才有可能进行这些干预。这种强调意味着忽视了大量非犯罪化的开发风险。本文的目的是论证非国家监管是防止常规形式的劳动剥削的一个重要因素，犯罪学的观点将有助于理解和更好地防止这种做法。该论文考察了国家监管、企业自律和工会活动，它们共同解决了更广泛的劳动剥削问题。来自英国农业食品行业工人和供应链利益相关者的半结构化访谈用于为此次讨论提供信息。与商业活动相关的劳动剥削治理对监管和（公司）犯罪学的学科领域具有更广泛的影响，前者倾向于优先考虑恢复性和说服性方法，而后者则侧重于威慑和胁迫。归根结底，将不同的监管链整合成一种混合方法不仅对社会政治进程有用，而且可以说是解决常规剥削问题最有帮助的方法。来自英国农业食品行业工人和供应链利益相关者的半结构化访谈用于为此次讨论提供信息。与商业活动相关的劳动剥削治理对监管和（公司）犯罪学的学科领域具有更广泛的影响，前者倾向于优先考虑恢复性和说服性方法，而后者则侧重于威慑和胁迫。归根结底，将不同的监管链整合成一种混合方法不仅对社会政治进程有用，而且可以说是解决常规剥削问题最有帮助的方法。来自英国农业食品行业工人和供应链利益相关者的半结构化访谈用于为此次讨论提供信息。与商业活动相关的劳动剥削治理对监管和（公司）犯罪学的学科领域具有更广泛的影响，前者倾向于优先考虑恢复性和说服性方法，而后者则侧重于威慑和胁迫。归根结底，将不同的监管链整合成一种混合方法不仅对社会政治进程有用，而且可以说是解决常规剥削问题最有帮助的方法。前者倾向于优先采用恢复性和说服性方法，而后者侧重于威慑和胁迫。归根结底，将不同的监管链整合成一种混合方法不仅对社会政治进程有用，而且可以说是解决常规剥削问题最有帮助的方法。前者倾向于优先采用恢复性和说服性方法，而后者侧重于威慑和胁迫。归根结底，将不同的监管链整合成一种混合方法不仅对社会政治进程有用，而且可以说是解决常规剥削问题最有帮助的方法。