Criminal law in contemporary societies is undergoing a transformation or according to some, even a paradigm shift. The reach of criminal law is now extended to terrains that were hitherto immune to criminalization. These new forms of criminalization. in post-heroic risk societies are targeting conduct well before it causes a harm. The prime examples of this preventive criminalization. are pre-inchoate offences, crimes of possession of “innocent” objects and crimes of abstract endangerment. The common trait of these offences is that they enable the so-called preponing criminal liability (Vorverlagerung), through which the earliest of preparatory acts, neutral, everyday activities such as merely standing around or merely possessing may well fall within the reach of criminal law. This phenomenon is now taking place virtually everywhere considered by many as an erosion of the traditional post-enlightenment criminal law model. Yet, proponents of the preventive criminal law are suggesting that such laws are needed in order to avert risks (terrorist attacks, for instance) while they are at preparation phase. There is, therefore, a tension between the traditional criminal law and new security interests that pose new questions which need to be addressed by a meticulous analysis. In this article I shall try to deal with following questions: Whether these preventive offences are inherently incompatible with the rule of law? How far a law-abiding nation can go in criminalizing preparatory acts? Are there any promising constraining constitutional principles or instances that delimit preventive criminalization?

中文翻译：

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预防性刑法的出现：传统刑法的侵蚀？

当代社会的刑法正在经历变革，或者根据某些人的观点，甚至是范式的转变。刑法的适用范围现在扩展到迄今为止不受刑事定罪的领域。这些新的刑事定罪形式。在后英雄风险社会中，早在行为造成伤害之前就将其作为目标。这种预防性刑事定罪的主要例子。是早期犯罪、拥有“无辜”物品的犯罪和抽象危害犯罪。这些罪行的共同特征是，它们促成了所谓的预先刑事责任（Vorverlagerung），通过这种行为，最早的准备行为、中立的、日常活动，例如仅仅停留或仅仅占有，很可能属于刑法的管辖范围。 . 这种现象现在几乎无处不在，被许多人认为是对传统的后启蒙刑法模式的侵蚀。然而，预防性刑法的支持者表示，需要此类法律来避免处于准备阶段的风险（例如恐怖袭击）。因此，传统刑法与新的安全利益之间存在紧张关系，这些新问题提出了需要通过细致分析来解决的新问题。在本文中，我将尝试处理以下问题：这些预防性犯罪是否与法治本质上不相容？一个守法的国家在将准备行为定为刑事犯罪方面能走多远？是否有任何有希望的限制性宪法原则或实例来界定预防性刑事定罪？这些预防性罪行是否与法治有内在的不相容？一个守法的国家在将准备行为定为刑事犯罪方面能走多远？是否有任何有希望的限制性宪法原则或实例来界定预防性刑事定罪？