This paper will analyse instances and threats of withdrawal from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) in order to assess whether those cases can be qualified as backlash. Backlash often serves as an umbrella term for any form of disagreement, hence we differentiate ‘backlash’ from closely connected concepts such as ‘contestation’ and ‘resistance’. In the empirical part of this paper, we examine four cases of withdrawal from the IACtHR or threats thereof, namely Trinidad and Tobago, the Dominican Republic, Peru and Venezuela. The case-studies revealed that the criticism against the IACtHR is fuelled by a combination of three conditions, namely costs of membership, the domestic political system and the domestic impact of the judgments. Ultimately, the specific framework of the IACtHR allows innovative starting points to manage state discontent, in particular the two-tiered structure, the alliance with civil society and the presence of compliance partners within the state.

中文翻译：

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分道扬镳还是反击？退出、强烈反对和美洲人权法院

本文将分析退出美洲人权法院 (IACtHR) 的案例和威胁，以评估这些案例是否可以被定性为反弹。强烈反对通常作为任何形式分歧的总称，因此我们将“强烈反对”与“竞争”和“抵抗”等密切相关的概念区分开来。在本文的实证部分，我们研究了四个退出 IACtHR 或其威胁的案例，即特立尼达和多巴哥、多米尼加共和国、秘鲁和委内瑞拉。案例研究表明，对 IACtHR 的批评是由三个条件共同推动的，即成员成本、国内政治制度和判决的国内影响。最终，