Building on a corpus of 70 hours of German driving lessons, this paper studies the use of declaratives vs. imperatives for instruction. It shows how these linguistic resources are adapted to different praxeological, temporal and participant-related environments. Declaratives are used for first instructions, task-setting and post-trial discussions. They exhibit complex syntax and do not call for immediate compliance. Their high degree of explicitness conveys how the action is to be carried out. Imperative instructions overwhelmingly correct ongoing actions of students or respond to their failure to produce expected actions. They exhibit minimal argument structure. They are reminders which presuppose that the student monitors the scene and can perform the action unproblematically. They index that requests have to be complied with immediately or even urgently.

中文翻译：

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德语驾驶课程的教学实践：陈述句和命令句的不同用法

基于 70 小时德语驾驶课程的语料库，本文研究了陈述句与命令句在教学中的使用。它展示了这些语言资源如何适应不同的人类行为、时间和与参与者相关的环境。陈述式用于第一次指示、任务设置和试验后讨论。它们表现出复杂的语法并且不需要立即遵守。它们的高度明确性传达了将如何执行操作。势在必行的指令绝大多数纠正学生正在进行的行动或回应他们未能产生预期的行动。他们表现出最小的论证结构。它们是提醒，前提是学生监视现场并且可以毫无问题地执行操作。