This study delved into the impact of written languaging (WL) on grammatical accuracy of writing. To this aim, two intact classes of Iranian EFL learners were randomly assigned to two groups. As the pre-test, both groups wrote a composition on the same prompt. One (n = 19) received only direct written corrective feedback (DWCF) on their original drafts while the other group (n = 19) received DWCF and was required to write about the reasons behind their errors (i.e. language about the errors). For the post-test, both groups revised their original writings. Results of the study revealed that both groups made significant gains in grammatical accuracy of their compositions. However, producing written languaging proved to be more effective than mere DWCF. Findings are discussed in the light of Vygotskyian sociocultural theory.

中文翻译：

---

书面语言对提高书面纠正反馈效率的贡献

本研究深入探讨了书面语言 (WL) 对写作语法准确性的影响。为此，两个完整的伊朗 EFL 学习者班级被随机分配到两组。作为预测试，两组都在同一个提示下写了一篇作文。一个 (n = 19) 只收到关于他们的原始草稿的直接书面纠正反馈 (DWCF)，而另一组 (n = 19) 收到 DWCF 并被要求写下他们错误背后的原因（即关于错误的语言）。对于后测，两组都修改了他们的原始作品。研究结果显示，两组在作文的语法准确性方面都取得了显着进步。然而，事实证明，制作书面语言比单纯的 DWCF 更有效。研究结果根据维果茨基社会文化理论进行了讨论。