Black holes formed in the early universe, prior to the formation of stars, can exist as dark matter and also contribute to the black hole merger events observed in gravitational waves. We set a new limit on the abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) by considering interactions of PBHs with the interstellar medium, which result in the heating of gas. We examine generic heating mechanisms, including emission from the accretion disk, dynamical friction, and disk outflows. Using the data from the Leo T dwarf galaxy, we set a new cosmology-independent limit on the abundance of PBHs in the mass range , relevant for the recently detected gravitational-wave signals from intermediate-mass BHs.

在早期宇宙中形成的黑洞，在恒星形成之前，可以作为暗物质存在，并且也有助于在引力波中观测到的黑洞合并事件。我们通过考虑PBH与星际介质的相互作用，从而导致气体加热，对原始黑洞（PBH）的丰度设置了新的限制。我们研究了一般的加热机制，包括吸积盘的排放，动摩擦和盘流出。利用来自Leo T矮星系的数据，我们为质量范围内的PBH的丰度设置了一个新的宇宙学独立性极限，与最近从中等质量BHs检测到的引力波信号有关。