Na–O₂ batteries have been attracting attention owing to their intrinsically high theoretical energy density. Several Na–O₂ systems can produce various discharge products with different electrochemical performances. For example, sodium superoxide (NaO₂) batteries have a low overpotential, and sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂) batteries have a high capacity. Studies of Na₂O₂ batteries are relatively scarce, owing to the difficulty of forming pure Na₂O₂ discharge products. A pure Na₂O₂ battery system is highly desirable for fully exploring the formation and decomposition of Na₂O₂ in Na–O₂ batteries and evaluating their potential. This model of a Na₂O₂ battery should also be compatible with in situ characterization. To this end, we constructed a simple rechargeable all-solid-state Na₂O₂ battery. Using a nanoporous gold film as the cathode and Na–β″-Al₂O₃ as a solid electrolyte, we assembled a Na–O₂ battery that can produce and decompose Na₂O₂. The all-solid-state Na–O₂ battery is a simple model for conducting in situ ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) investigations. The battery can be cycled at a low overpotential (≈450 mV). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the APXPS and Raman results demonstrated that Na₂O₂ was the main discharge product and its transformation occurred during the charge and discharge periods. The operando investigation of this type of all-solid-state Na₂O₂ battery can help in the comprehensive exploration of the potential of Na–O₂ batteries.

Na–O ₂电池由于其固有的高理论能量密度而备受关注。几种Na–O ₂系统可以产生具有不同电化学性能的各种放电产物。例如，超氧化钠（NaO ₂）电池的低电势低，而过氧化钠（Na ₂ O ₂）电池的电容量高。由于难以形成纯的Na ₂ O ₂放电产物，因此对Na ₂ O ₂电池的研究相对较少。纯Na ₂ O ₂电池系统对于充分探索Na–O ₂电池中Na ₂ O ₂的形成和分解并评估其潜力是非常理想的。Na ₂ O ₂电池的这种模型也应与原位表征兼容。为此，我们构造了一个简单的可充电全固态Na ₂ O ₂电池。使用纳米多孔金膜作为阴极，并使用Na–β''-Al ₂ O ₃作为固体电解质，我们组装了可以产生和分解Na ₂ O ₂的Na–O ₂电池。全固态Na–O ₂电池是进行原位环境压力X射线光电子能谱（APXPS）研究的简单模型。电池可以在低过电位（≈450mV）下循环使用。对APXPS和拉曼结果的定性和定量分析表明，Na ₂ O ₂是主要的放电产物，其转变发生在充放电期间。该operando这种类型的全固态娜的调查₂ Ø ₂的电池可以在娜-O潜力的综合开发帮助_2个电池。