Groundwater–surface water exchange in salt marsh ecosystems mediates nearshore salt, nutrient, and carbon budgets with implications for biological productivity and global climate. Despite their importance, a synthesis of salt marsh groundwater studies is lacking. In this review, we summarize drivers mediating salt marsh hydrogeology, review field and modeling techniques, and discuss patterns of exchange. New data from a Delaware seepage meter study are reported which highlight small-scale spatial variability in exchange rates. A synthesis of the salt marsh hydrogeology literature reveals a positive relationship between tidal range and submarine groundwater discharge but not porewater exchange, highlighting the multidimensional drivers of marsh hydrogeology. Field studies are heavily biased towards microtidal systems of the US East Coast, with little global information available. A preliminary estimate of marsh porewater exchange along the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic Bights is 8–30 × 10¹³ L y⁻¹, equivalent to recirculating the entire volume of seawater overlying the shelf through tidal marsh sediments in ~30–90 years. This review concludes with a discussion of critical questions to address that will decrease uncertainty in global budget estimates and enhance our capacity to predict future responses to global climate change.

中文翻译：

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盐沼水文地质学

盐沼生态系统中的地下水-地表水交换介导了近岸盐，营养物和碳的预算，对生物生产力和全球气候产生了影响。尽管它们很重要，但缺乏盐沼地下水研究的综合报告。在这篇综述中，我们总结了调解盐沼水文地质的驱动因素，综述领域和建模技术，并讨论了交换方式。据报道，来自特拉华渗漏计研究的新数据突出了汇率的小范围空间变化。盐沼水文地质学文献的综合显示，潮汐范围与海底地下水流量之间存在正相关关系，但与孔隙水交换之间没有正相关关系，突出了沼泽水文地质学的多维驱动因素。实地研究严重偏向美国东海岸的微潮系统，几乎没有可用的全球信息。大西洋中部和南大西洋海岸线的沼泽孔隙水交换的初步估计为8–30×10¹³ L y ^-1，相当于在大约30-90年内通过潮汐沼泽沉积物使上架的全部海水再循环。此次审查以讨论关键问题为结尾，以解决这些问题，这些问题将减少全球预算估计中的不确定性，并增强我们预测未来应对全球气候变化的能力。