Information regarding urban-rural differences in health indicators are scarce in Brazil. This study sought to identify rural-urban differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in Brazilian children and adolescents whilst controlling for the important confounding variables including social economic status (SES). This is a cross-sectional study developed with children and adolescents (n = 2250, age 11.54 ± 2.76) selected from a city in the south of Brazil. CRF was estimated using a 6-minute run/walk test. CMR scores were calculated by summing different cardiometabolic risk indicators. CRF was analysed assuming a multiplicative model with allometric body-size components. CMR differences in residential locations was assessed using Analysis of caovariance (ANCOVA) adopting SES, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), age and fitness as covariates. Results indicated a main effect of location (p < 0.001) with children living a rural environment having the highest CRF, and children living in the periphery of towns having the lowest. Analysis also revealed significant main effects of location (p < 0.001) with children living a rural environment having the lowest CMR and children living in the centre of towns having the highest. Therefore, Brazilian children living in a rural environment appear to have superior health benefits.

中文翻译：

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选择您要谨慎生活的地方：儿童心脏呼吸适应性和心脏代谢风险的室内环境差异

在巴西，缺乏有关健康指标的城乡差异的信息。这项研究旨在确定巴西儿童和青少年在心肺适应性（CRF）和心脏代谢风险（CMR）方面的城乡差异，同时控制包括社会经济地位（SES）在内的重要混杂变量。这是一项从巴西南部城市选择的儿童和青少年（n = 2250，年龄为11.54±2.76）开展的横断面研究。使用6分钟的跑步/步行测试来估算CRF。通过汇总不同的心脏代谢风险指标来计算CMR分数。假设具有异体形体成分的乘法模型，分析了CRF。通过采用SES，体重指数（BMI）的协方差分析（ANCOVA）评估居民区的CMR差异，腰围（WC），年龄和体能作为协变量。结果表明位置的主要影响（p <0.001），其中居住在乡村环境中的儿童的CRF最高，而居住在城镇外围地区的儿童的CRF最低。分析还显示了地理位置的重大影响（p <0.001），其中农村环境的儿童CMR最低，而生活在城镇中心的儿童最高。因此，生活在农村环境中的巴西儿童似乎对健康有益。