Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are anthropogenic substances of increasing concerns. Their widespread uses and strong persistence in the environment have led to inevitable exposure for humans. They accumulate in mothers and then are transferred to infants through placenta and breastfeeding, causing diverse potential health risks. Based on more than 100 articles published from 2000 to date, this review summarizes current knowledge on prenatal and postnatal transfer of PFASs from mothers to fetuses/infants. Transplacental transfer efficiencies (R_CM) differ among individual PFASs, depending on the alkyl chain length, the function groups, and the branching position in the molecule, and showing enantioselectivity for chiral 1 m-PFOS. Transfer efficiency from serum to breast milk (TE_BS/MS) is lower than R_CM, but PFAS exposure of infants through breastfeeding in the first month was assessed to be greater than that through transplacental transfer during the entire gestation period. Based on the latest promulgated reference doses, infants would face potential health risks. To our knowledge, this is the first review on the prenatal and postnatal mother-to-offspring transfer of PFASs at congeneric, isomeric, and enantiomeric levels. It provides a better understanding of the critical environmental health issue of PFASs in fetuses and infants, which deserves greater attention throughout society.

摘要

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 是越来越受到关注的人为物质。它们的广泛使用和在环境中的强烈持久性导致人类不可避免地暴露于其中。它们在母亲体内积累，然后通过胎盘和母乳喂养传递给婴儿，造成各种潜在的健康风险。基于 2000 年至今发表的 100 多篇文章，本综述总结了目前关于 PFAS 从母亲到胎儿/婴儿的产前和产后转移的知识。不同 PFAS 的跨胎盘转移效率 (R _CM ) 不同，具体取决于分子中的烷基链长度、官能团和支化位置，并显示手性 1  m的对映选择性-全氟辛烷磺酸。从血清到母乳的转移效率 (TE _BS/MS ) 低于 R _CM，但在整个妊娠期间，婴儿通过母乳喂养的 PFAS 暴露量被评估为高于通过胎盘转移的暴露量。根据最新公布的参考剂量，婴儿将面临潜在的健康风险。据我们所知，这是对 PFAS 在同类、异构和对映体水平上的产前和产后母体转移的第一次综述。它提供了对 PFAS 在胎儿和婴儿中的关键环境健康问题的更好理解，这值得全社会更加关注。