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Water and nitrogen shape winter annual plant diversity and community composition in near-urban Sonoran Desert preserves
Ecological Monographs ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 , DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1450
Megan M Wheeler 1 , Scott L Collins 2 , Nancy B Grimm 1 , Elizabeth M Cook 3 , Christopher Clark 4 , Ryan A Sponseller 5 , Sharon J Hall 1
Affiliation  

Increased nitrogen (N) deposition threatens global biodiversity, but its effects in arid urban ecosystems are not well studied. In addition to altered N availability, urban environments also experience increases in other pollutants, decreased population connectivity, and altered biotic interactions, which can further impact biodiversity. In deserts, annual plant communities make up most of the plant diversity, support wildlife, and contribute to nutrient cycling and ecosystem processes. Functional trade-offs allowing coexistence of a diversity of annual plant species are well established, but maintenance of diversity in urban conditions and with increased availability of limiting nutrients has not been explored. We conducted a 13-yr N and phosphorus (P) addition experiment in Sonoran Desert preserves in and around Phoenix, Arizona, USA to test how nutrient availability interacts with growing season precipitation, urban location, and microhabitat to affect winter annual plant diversity. Using structural equation modeling and generalized linear mixed modeling, we found that annual plant taxonomic diversity was significantly reduced in N-enriched and urban plots. Water availability in both current and previous growing seasons impacted annual plant diversity, with significant interaction effects showing increased diversity in wetter years and greater responsiveness of the community to water following a wet year. However, there were no significant interactions between N enrichment and water availability, urban location, or microhabitat. Lowered diversity in urban preserves may be partly attributable to increased urban N deposition. Changes in biodiversity of showy species like annual wildflowers in urban preserves can have important implications for connections between urban residents and nature, and reduced diversity and community restructuring with N enrichment represents a challenge for future preservation of aridland biodiversity.

中文翻译:

水和氮影响近城市索诺兰沙漠保护区冬季一年生植物多样性和群落组成

增加的氮 (N) 沉降威胁着全球生物多样性,但其对干旱城市生态系统的影响尚未得到很好的研究。除了改变氮的可用性外,城市环境还经历了其他污染物的增加、人口连通性的降低和生物相互作用的改变,这可能会进一步影响生物多样性。在沙漠中,一年生植物群落构成了植物多样性的大部分,支持野生动物,并有助于养分循环和生态系统过程。允许多种一年生植物物种共存的功能权衡已经确立,但尚未探索在城市条件下维持多样性以及增加限制性营养素的可用性。我们在亚利桑那州凤凰城及其周边的索诺兰沙漠保护区进行了为期 13 年的 N 和磷 (P) 添加实验,美国测试养分有效性如何与生长季节降水、城市位置和微生境相互作用以影响冬季一年生植物多样性。使用结构方程模型和广义线性混合模型,我们发现一年生植物分类多样性在富氮和城市地块中显着降低。当前和以前的生长季节的水供应量都会影响一年生植物的多样性,显着的相互作用效应表明在潮湿年份的多样性增加,以及社区在潮湿年份后对水的更大响应。然而,N 富集与水的可用性、城市位置或微生境之间没有显着的相互作用。城市保护区多样性降低的部分原因可能是城市氮沉降增加。
更新日期:2021-02-19
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