The emerging pests and phytopathogens have reduced the crop yield and quality, which has threatened the global food security. Traditional breeding methods, molecular marker-based breeding approaches and use of genetically modified crops have played a crucial role in strengthening the food security worldwide. However, their usages in crop improvement have been highly limited due to multiple caveats. Genome editing tools like transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have effectively overcome limitations of the conventional breeding methods and are being widely accepted for improvement of crops. Among the genome editing tools, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as the most powerful tool of genome editing because of its efficiency, amicability, flexibility, low cost and adaptability. Accumulated evidences indicate that genome editing has great potential in improving the disease resistance in crop plants. In this review, we offered a brief introduction to the mechanisms of different genome editing systems and then discussed recent developments in CRISPR/Cas9 system-based genome editing towards enhancement of rice disease resistance by different strategies. This review also discussed the possible applications of recently developed genome editing approaches like CRISPR/Cas12a (formerly known as Cpf1) and base editors for enhancement of rice disease resistance.

新兴的有害生物和植物病原体降低了农作物的产量和质量，威胁了全球粮食安全。传统育种方法，基于分子标记的育种方法和转基因作物的使用在加强全球粮食安全方面发挥了关键作用。然而，由于多重警告，它们在作物改良中的用途受到高度限制。基因组编辑工具（如转录激活因子样效应核酸酶）和成簇的规则间隔的短回文重复序列（CRISPR）相关的内切核酸酶Cas9（CRISPR / Cas9）有效克服了常规育种方法的局限性，并被广泛接受用于改良作物。在基因组编辑工具中，CRISPR / Cas9系统因其效率高而成为基因组编辑最强大的工具，友好，灵活，低成本和适应性强。积累的证据表明，基因组编辑在改善作物植物的抗病性方面具有巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了不同基因组编辑系统的机制，然后讨论了基于CRISPR / Cas9系统的基因组编辑通过不同策略增强水稻抗病性的最新进展。这篇综述还讨论了最近开发的基因组编辑方法（如CRISPR / Cas12a（以前称为Cpf1））和增强水稻抗病性的基础编辑器的可能应用。我们简要介绍了不同基因组编辑系统的机制，然后讨论了基于CRISPR / Cas9系统的基因组编辑通过不同策略增强水稻抗病性的最新进展。这篇综述还讨论了最近开发的基因组编辑方法（如CRISPR / Cas12a（以前称为Cpf1））和增强水稻抗病性的基础编辑器的可能应用。我们简要介绍了不同基因组编辑系统的机制，然后讨论了基于CRISPR / Cas9系统的基因组编辑通过不同策略增强水稻抗病性的最新进展。这篇综述还讨论了最近开发的基因组编辑方法（如CRISPR / Cas12a（以前称为Cpf1））和增强水稻抗病性的基础编辑器的可能应用。