Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI). This disorder is mainly observed in subjects at risk for brain traumatisms including boxers, American football and European football (soccer) players, as well as war veterans. Neuropathological findings are marked by abnormally phosphorylated tau accumulations at the depth of cerebral sulci, as well as TDP43, Aβ and α-synuclein positive staining. It has been described 3 clinical variants: the behavioural/mood variant, the cognitive variant and the mixed behavioural/cognitive variant. Cerebral MRI revealed signs of diffuse atrophy with abnormal axonal findings using the diffusion tensor imaging methods. Cerebral PET tau revealed increased standardised uptake value ratio (SUVR) levels in various brain regions of CTE patients compared to controls. The place of CTE among other neurodegenerative diseases is still debated. The focus of CTE management must be on prevention. The best way to prevent CTE in athletes is to put in place strict and appropriate measures by physicians. An individual with concussion should not be allowed to play again immediately (and sometimes never) in cases of abnormal neurological symptoms or imaging abnormalities.

慢性创伤性脑病 (CTE) 是一种与反复创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 相关的神经退行性疾病。这种疾病主要见于有脑外伤风险的受试者，包括拳击手、美式橄榄球和欧洲足球（英式足球）运动员，以及退伍军人。神经病理学发现的特点是脑沟深处异常磷酸化的 tau 积聚，以及 TDP43、Aβ 和 α-突触核蛋白阳性染色。已经描述了 3 种临床变体：行为/情绪变体、认知变体和混合行为/认知变体。使用弥散张量成像方法，脑 MRI 显示弥漫性萎缩的迹象和异常的轴突发现。脑 PET tau 显示，与对照组相比，CTE 患者各个脑区的标准化摄取值比 (SUVR) 水平增加。CTE 在其他神经退行性疾病中的地位仍有争议。CTE 管理的重点必须放在预防上。预防运动员 CTE 的最佳方法是由医生采取严格和适当的措施。如果出现异常的神经系统症状或影像学异常，则不应允许脑震荡患者立即（有时永远不会）再次参加比赛。