Research examining bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has rapidly expanded during the last two decades, leading to advances in knowledge on the role of BMAT in the pathogenesis of bone loss and endocrine disorders. Clinical imaging has played a crucial role for the in vivo assessment of BMAT, allowing non-invasive quantification and evaluation of BMAT composition. In the present work, we review different imaging methods for assessing properties of BMAT. Our aim is to review conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), water-fat imaging, and single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), as well as computed tomography (CT)-based techniques, including single energy and dual energy CT. We will also discuss the clinical applications of these methods in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and anorexia nervosa.

在过去的二十年中，检查骨髓脂肪组织 (BMAT) 的研究迅速扩大，导致对 BMAT 在骨质流失和内分泌疾病发病机制中作用的认识不断进步。临床成像在BMAT 的体内评估中发挥了至关重要的作用，允许对 BMAT 成分进行非侵入性量化和评估。在目前的工作中，我们回顾了评估 BMAT 特性的不同成像方法。我们的目的是回顾传统的磁共振成像 (MRI)、水脂成像和单体素质子磁共振波谱 ( ¹H-MRS)，以及基于计算机断层扫描 (CT) 的技术，包括单能和双能 CT。我们还将讨论这些方法在 2 型糖尿病、肥胖症和神经性厌食症中的临床应用。