Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) currently ranks second in the world's production of grain legumes and it is considered a cheap source of plant-based protein. In Mediterranean regions, predicted changes in climate are likely to further worsen drought stress and increase the economic vulnerability of chickpea production. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to improve plant growth and ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of inoculation with PGPB (Mesorhizobium sp., Burkholderia sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) and AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus claroideum) on the growth, grain yield and protein content of chickpea in a field experiment under different irrigation regimes throughout the growing season (100% water requirements (WR), 50% WR, 25% WR, 100% WR only during reproductive stages, and rainfed).

Based on two years of results, the beneficial effects of co-inoculation (PGPB+AMF) on plant growth parameters of chickpea allow a cumulative grain yield of about 13,838 kg ha⁻¹, resulting in an increase of 6% when as compared to a single inoculation and 24% over the non-inoculated plants. Plants inoculated with PGPB+AMF, and irrigated only during the reproductive stages, had the highest cumulative grain yield (18,157 kg ha⁻¹), resulting in an increase of 16% and 237% over fully irrigated plants inoculated with PGPB+AMF and non-inoculated plants under rainfed conditions, respectively.

In water-scarce environments, deficit irrigation only during the reproductive stage allows farmers to achieve higher yields with less water consumption, which, when combined with microbial inoculation, has the potential to benefit agricultural production of chickpea.

鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）目前在世界豆类谷物生产中排名第二，被认为是植物性蛋白质的廉价来源。在地中海地区，预计的气候变化可能会进一步加剧干旱压力，并增加鹰嘴豆生产的经济脆弱性。植物生长促进细菌（PGPB）和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）具有改善植物生长并减轻干旱胁迫的不利影响的潜力。这项研究的目的是评估接种PGPB（中生根瘤菌，伯克霍尔德氏菌和假单胞菌属）和AMF（不规则根瘤菌，漏斗形假单胞菌和整个生长期在不同灌溉方式下田间试验中鹰嘴豆的生长，籽粒产量和蛋白质含量（100％水分需求（WR），50％WR，25％WR，100％WR仅在生殖阶段） ，然后下雨）。

根据两年的研究结果，共接种（PGPB + AMF）对鹰嘴豆植物生长参数的有利影响使累积谷物产量约为13,838 kg ha ^-1，与a相比增加了6％。单次接种和未接种植物的24％。接种PGPB + AMF且仅在生殖阶段灌溉的植物具有最高的累计谷物产量（18,157 kg ha ^-1），比完全灌溉的PGPB + AMF和非灌溉的植物分别增长16％和237％ -分别在雨育条件下接种植物。

在缺水的环境中，仅在生殖阶段进行亏水灌溉才能使农民以更少的水消耗获得更高的产量，这与微生物接种相结合，有可能使鹰嘴豆的农业生产受益。