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Altitudinal differentiation in the leaf wax-mediated flowering bud protection against frost in a perennial Arabidopsis
Oecologia ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04870-6
Genki Yumoto , Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto , Biva Aryal , Hiroyuki Ohta , Hiroshi Kudoh

An altitudinal gradient of leaf water repellency is often observed between and within species. In a previous study of Arabidopsis halleri, cauline leaves (stem leaves that wrap flowering buds) showed higher water repellency in exposed semi-alpine plants than in understory low-elevation plants. Here, we examined altitudinal variations in the cuticular wax content of the leaf surface and experimentally evaluated the role of high water repellency of cauline leaves. Leaf cuticular wax was analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and a GC-flame ionisation detector. Young flowering buds wrapped by cauline leaves were exposed to freezing temperatures with or without water, and frost damage to the flowering buds was compared between plants from semi-alpine and low-elevation habitats. Higher amounts of C29, C31, and C33 alkanes were observed in the cauline leaves of semi-alpine plants than in those of low-elevation plants. In the freezing experiment, water application increased damage to the flowering buds of low-elevation plants, and the extent of damage to the flowering buds was lower in semi-alpine plants than in low-elevation plants when water was applied to the plant surface. Genetic variations in the amounts of alkanes on the leaf surface depending on the altitude occurred specifically in cauline leaves. Our results indicate that the water repellency of cauline leaves presumably minimises frost damage to flowering buds at high altitudes.



中文翻译:

多年生拟南芥叶片蜡介导的花蕾抗霜冻中的垂直分化

通常在物种之间和物种内部观察到叶片憎水性的垂直梯度。在以前的拟南芥研究中,茎生叶(包裹花芽的茎叶)在裸露的半高山植物中的疏水性比在地下低海拔植物中的疏水性高。在这里,我们检查了叶表面的表皮蜡含量的垂直变化,并通过实验评估了茎叶的高疏水性的作用。使用全面的二维气相色谱(GC)-质谱和GC-火焰电离检测器分析了叶片的表皮蜡。茎叶包裹的年轻花蕾在有水或无水的情况下暴露于冰冻温度下,并比较了半高山和低海拔生境的植物对花蕾的霜冻损害。与低海拔植物相比,半高山植物的茎叶中观察到的C29,C31和C33烷烃含量更高。在冷冻实验中,水分施加增加了对低海拔植物花蕾的伤害,当在植物表面施水时,半高山植物对花蕾的伤害程度要低于低海拔植物。根据海拔高度,叶片表面上烷烃数量的遗传变异特别发生在茎生叶中。我们的结果表明,高海拔的茎生叶的拒水性可以将霜冻对开花芽的伤害最小化。根据海拔高度,叶片表面上烷烃数量的遗传变异特别发生在茎生叶中。我们的结果表明,高海拔的茎生叶的拒水性可将霜冻对开花芽的伤害最小化。根据海拔高度,叶片表面上烷烃数量的遗传变异特别发生在茎生叶中。我们的结果表明,高海拔的茎生叶的拒水性可以将霜冻对开花芽的伤害最小化。

更新日期:2021-02-21
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