Storm surges, one of the major causes of hurricane damage, lead to an abnormal rapid rise in water levels of up to a few feet for several minutes due to low pressure, strong winds, and high waves caused by a hurricane. This study utilizes GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) to monitor the unexpected water level change due to a storm surge using multi-frequency, multi-constellation GNSS. With an enhanced spectral analysis based on multiple frequency GNSS signals and statistical data processing, the proposed approach detected the signature of storm surge on the water level and improved the overall capability of GNSS-R-based water level measurements in terms of accuracy and temporal resolution. Suggested algorithms were validated by a case study for detecting a storm surge during Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The one month of data processing result showed a strong correlation with the co-located tide gauge even during the extreme storm surge when the correlation coefficient was 0.97. In addition, we quantified the impact of involving multiple constellations GNSS regarding their improvement of accuracy and the temporal resolution of water level measurements. The results reveal that all GNSS constellations generated consistent measurements, the water level accuracy was improved by multi-frequency signals, and the temporal resolution was significantly improved by having an increased number of GNSS observations.

风暴潮是飓风破坏的主要原因之一，由于飓风造成的低压，强风和高浪，导致几分钟内高达几英尺的水位异常迅速升高。这项研究利用GNSS反射法（GNSS-R）使用多频率，多星座GNSS监视由于风暴潮而引起的意外水位变化。通过基于多频GNSS信号和统计数据处理的增强频谱分析，该方法可以检测到风暴潮在水位上的特征，并提高了基于GNSS-R的水位测量在精度和时间分辨率方面的整体能力。通过案例研究验证了建议的算法，以检测2017年哈维飓风期间的风暴潮。一个月的数据处理结果表明，即使在极端风暴潮期间，当相关系数为0.97时，与同位潮汐仪也具有很强的相关性。此外，我们量化了涉及多个星座GNSS对其精度和水位测量时间分辨率提高的影响。结果表明，所有GNSS星座都生成了一致的测量结果，多频信号提高了水位精度，并且由于增加了GNSS观测次数而显着提高了时间分辨率。我们量化了涉及多个星座GNSS对其精度和水位测量时间分辨率提高的影响。结果表明，所有GNSS星座都生成了一致的测量结果，多频信号提高了水位精度，并且由于增加了GNSS观测次数而显着提高了时间分辨率。我们量化了涉及多个星座GNSS对其精度和水位测量时间分辨率的提高的影响。结果表明，所有GNSS星座都生成了一致的测量结果，多频信号提高了水位精度，并且由于增加了GNSS观测次数而显着提高了时间分辨率。